# Historic Environment

Description:
Lady's Well, apparently known locally as Hall Well when the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments visited the site in 1914, lies close to St Mary's parish church in Spittal and the site of the lost medieval Hospitium.  It was visited by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust in 2011 and found to have been covered by a manhole and in a brick-lined chamber.


Description:
Spittal Green chapel was built in 1826 and rebuilt in 1864.  It is shown on the 1907 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map, but is not named on the 1953 Ordnance Survey map or later maps.  By the 21st century it had been converted into a private dwelling.


Description:
Spittal Church Hall is a corrugated iron building, which was erected at the edge of the village green before the mid-20th century. It remains in use as a village hall in 2011.


Description:
This former school was founded in 1851 as a National School. It served the community until closure in 2005, when it was replaced with a new primary school, built at the western side of the village.


Description:
This former police station and police house appears on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map. It remained open well into the 20th century but its date of closure is not known.  This attractive stone building stood roofless at the edge of the village green in 2011.


Description:
This village pub was opened during the third quarter of the 20th century and first appears on the 1976 Ordnance Survey map.  It appears to have closed in 2010.


Description:
This Iron Age enclosure is now best seen on aerial photographs as centuries of ploughing have worn down its upstanding earthworks, leaving just a hollow.  The enclosure measures about 40 metres in diameter and was protected by a single rampart and outer ditch, with an entrance in the southern side.


Description:
Scolton Cross has traditionally been known as Gallows Cross and it is said that the manorial gallows was located here, where convicted felons were executed.


Description:
Plenty Park Rath was a fine example of an Iron Age defended enclosure, but it was damaged in 1961 when much of its rampart bank was levelled with a bulldozer. Nevertheless, the form of the enclosure is still clearly visible and parts of the rampart bank still stand up to 2 metres high in the woodland at the eastern side of the site. The enclosure measures over 80 metres in diameter and had an entrance through its southwestern side.


Description:
The early history of Scolton Manor is obscure, although it is possible that the Higgon family resided at Scolton during the 17th century.  The Higgons were certainly here during the early 18th century, but by the middle of the century the old house had burned down and the family moved to Haverfordwest.  The Higgons returned to Scolton in 1840 and built the present mansion.  They sold the house and grounds to Pembrokeshire County Council in 1972 and it has since been developed as the Pembrokeshire County Museum.


Description:
Heathfield Lodge is a minor gentry house included in Major Francis Jones' "Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire".  It dates to the early 19th century minor gentry house and was built by the Harries family of Priskilly.  It was let to a succession of tenants during the 19th and 20th centuries.The mansion is still occupied, although its outbuildings have now been converted into separate dwellings and sold. Elements of the estate landscape still survive, such as parkland, a carriage drive and a lodge.  The antiquarian Richard Fenton stayed here, the home of his friend Major Harries, when he visited Letterston and excavated a number of Bronze Age barrows on Letterston Common in the early 19th century.

Comments:
A public footpath, PP36/3/2, runs to the south of the mansion.


Description:
This attractive estate lodge stands at the entrance to the carriage drive which gives access to the country house at Heathfield Lodge. It is probably mid- to late-19th century in date as it is not shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey 1 inch to 1 mile map. The lodge is still occupied and has been modernised and well maintained.

Comments:
A public footpath, PP36/3/2, runs from the lodge through the area to the south of the mansion.


Description:
Mathry Road Station was a small station opened on the main GWR line to Fishguard, probably during the first half of the 20th century (it is not show on the 1908 Ordnance Survey map).  As early as 1898 there were detailed plans to build a new branch line from Mathry Road to St David's, via Mathry, but these were never realised and the GWR ran a bus link instead.  Mathry Road was provided with a platform, a station house and had cattle pens to the north. In 1925 a signal box was transferred here from Wolfscastle.  Mathry Road was closed in 1965.


Description:
There was a small PoW camp and hostel here during the Second World War. It was set up in 1941 and was mostly used to house Italians, Ukranians and Poles.  Only eight huts stood in the compound, seven of which had been demolished by the late 20th century and the final hut appears to have been removed in the early 21st century. The site of the camp is now occupied by a private house.


Description:
The farm of Heneglwys lies just to the east of Letterston village.  It is thought to be the site of an early church, predating the 12th century when Letterston was founded as a planted Anglo-Norman village.  Nothing is known of this early church and there are no reported archaeological remains associated with it.


Description:
This mound has never been fully understood.  It is thought to be a Bronze Age round barrow, as it shares the characteristics of round barrows in the district.  It is 18 metres in diameter and up to 1.8 metres high. However, it has also been suggested that the mound is a decayed castle motte, which would fit in with the name of the site.  There is a slight ditch around the mound, which may strengthen the argument in favour of this being a medieval castle motte.  The site is overgrown and there has not been any archaeological investigation of the mound which might help better interpret its origins and purpose.


Description:
Letterston National School was opened c.1852, standing to the rear of the parish church.  By the late 20th century the school had been replaced by a more modern building to the south, although the original school still stands, having been converted for use as a private dwelling.  In 2011 a new school complex is under construction, due to open in 2012.


Description:
Ffynnon Shan Shilin was described by Major Francis Jones in his "Holy Wells of Wales"(1954).  The well was located close to St Giles's church, Letterston, thought to be at the edge of the main road just to the northwest of the church.  It is quite possible that "Shan Shilin" refers to St Silin (St Sulien) which has been anglicised to St Giles, although there are two fanciful stories which explain the name.  One relates to an elderly lady named Shan falling into the well with a shilling in her pocket, the other has it that the curative waters of the well were at one time sold for a shilling a bottle.  The well appears to have been piped and is no longer visible.


Description:
St Giles church is thought to have been first built on its present site during the early 12th century, when Letterston was founded as a planted Anglo-Norman settlement.  It is said to have replaced an earlier church, probably pre-Norman in origin, which stood to the west of the village at Heneglwys farm.  It has been suggested that the pre-Norman church may have been dedicated to a Celtic saint, Sulien or Silin, and that this name was transferred to the new church but anglicised as St Giles. By 1130 the church here was certainly in existence and in that year it was granted to the Knights Hospitallers at Slebech.  It stood at the heart of the medieval settlement and has continued to serve the community to the present day, although it has been restored and rebuilt on many occasions throughout the centuries and the present building is of 19th century date.  The church was rebuilt in 1844 and again in 1881, which means that there is little surviving of the medieval church.  A 15th century piscina is built into the wall of the south porch and the font is thought to also be 15th century in date. A 14th or 15th century female effigy is also built into the north wall of the nave.

Comments:
The church is open to visitors during the summer months and is a pleasant place to visit.


Description:
St Giles' church stands in a small but pleasant, rectangular churchyard, which has a number of graves and memorials of genealogical interest.  There is a modern church vestry or hall to the northern side of the churchyard.


Description:
This stone pillar stands at the edge of the parish churchyard,  facing onto St David's Road, Letterston. It commemorates those local people who lost their lives during the First and Second World Wars.


Description:
The Jubilee Hotel is first named on the 1907 Ordnance Survey 1:2500 map.  It has served as a public house, with accommodation, throughout the 20th century and is still open in 2011.


Description:
Saron Baptist chapel was first built in 1828.  It was rebuilt in 1869 and had some renovation in 1884 and 1903. It remains in use as a place of worship in 2011.


Description:
Saron chapel stands in a small, rectangular graveyard which contains gravestones and memorials of genealogical interest.  In modern times the gravestones have been removed from their original positions and placed against the boundary banks of the graveyard.


Description:
This cemetery was opened by the time of the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map, when the plot is shown as a coniferous woodland, but labelled as a "Burial Ground".  It is now almost full of graves.  A plaque on the gatepost says that the gate and path were rebuilt in 1953.


Description:
This large and modernised village hall was originally built in the late 1940s.  Originally money was raised to pay for "homecoming" concerts for servicemen and women coming home on leave during the war.  After the end of the war, the remaining funds were put towards a new campaign to build a village hall in memory of those who had lost their lives.  Land for the hall was donated by Captain Mathias of Llangwarren Hall and the hall itself was a second-hand building, purchased in 1948, from Messrs. Pauling & Nuttall of Trecwn.  A permanent building replaced the first hall in 1961 and this was extended and refurbished in 2000.  The Memorial Hall remains  the focus of much community activity in Letterston and the surrounding district.


Description:
During the 12th century an Anglo-Norman manor or Knight’s Fief had been established by the Letard family,  known as Littardston,. which later developed into the settlement we now know as Letterston. The most significant survival of the medieval settlement at Letterston is St Giles’ parish church (Id. No. 1884), which has been a focus for the community since the 12th century. It was probably founded at the same time as the Anglo-Norman manor and is known to have existed by AD1130, for in that year it was granted to the Knights Hospitallers of Slebech.  Surpringly, Letterston has no identified medieval castle or manorial centre, but the Anglo-Norman settlement must have been focused on the area of the church.  A medieval or early post-medieval strip field system exists to the north and south of the historic, central section of the village. The long, narrow fields either side of the village were created by the 19th century by enclosing and hedging previously open strips or “quillets”.  
 
Letterston has grown outside the boundaries of the original layout of the Anglo-Norman settlement, and has become a substantial settlement during the past 200 years.   Letterston stands directly on the route of the turnpike road built between Haverfordwest and Fishguard by the early 19th century, a development which undoubtedly benefitted the local economy.   The church was undoubtedly the most important feature in the pre-19th century community, but with the turnpike road appearing by the early 19th century and a Baptist chapel being added in 1828, the village was able to maintain its population. Growth was evidently occurring by the mid-19th century, when most rural parishes were experiencing depopulation. In 1852, a National School, or Church School (Id. No. 1882) was opened close to the parish church. By the 1880s, the Baptist chapel had no more room for burials and a large cemetery (Id. No. 1890) was opened to the east of the crossroads, on what would later become Station Road. 
 
By 1900 a railway station had opened at Letterston on the North Pembrokeshire & Fishguard Railway. The line was built to link Maenclochog and Fishguard, but undoubtedly provided a great boost to the fortunes of Letterston and allowed it to grow further as a focal point for its rural hinterland.   A second chapel appeared at the start of the 20th century, and the Jubilee Hotel public house also opened around the same time.
 
During the 20th century, Letterston has continued to expand, despite the closure of the railway in 1949, which was soon offset by improvements to the A40 road and the rise of road transport. In its heyday the village even had a branch of a high street bank.  Housing development continues to spread along Station Road to the east, and in the last quarter of the 20th century there was also considerable new build along the road to the west of the village. A large, modern village hall stands to the south of Station Road, a symbol of a community which continues to grow and to look to the future.


Description:
This round barrow was excavated by the antiquarian Richard Fenton in the early 19th century.  He describes the event in his "Historical Tour Through Pembrokeshire" (p.341-342).  Fenton dug into the centre of the mound without success, but eventually found cremated bone and charcoal close to the edge of the mound.  The monument was again excavated by H.N. Savory in 1961.   He interpreted the site as originating in the Neolithic, when the initial phase, an embanked stone circle, 12 metres in diameter, was built.  The stone circle was then incorporated into a much larger round barrow during the Bronze Age.  The barrow was defined by a stone kerb, 32 metres in diameter, around an earth and turf mound which was still 1.5 metres high in 1961.  Savory found evidence of cremated bone and a collared urn beneath two large slabs on the eastern side of the barrow as well as some charcoal. The barrow is now divided between two garden plots to the rear of private houses in Station Road and has been denuded as a result of the previous excavations and later landscaping within the gardens.


Description:
This Neolithic henge or "embanked stone circle" lies beneath a Bronze Age round barrow which  was excavated by the antiquarian Richard Fenton in the early 19th century.  He describes the event in his "Historical Tour Through Pembrokeshire" (p.341-342).  Fenton dug into the centre of the mound without success, but eventually found cremated bone and charcoal close to the edge of the mound.  The monument was again excavated by H.N. Savory in 1961.  He interpreted the site as originating in the Neolithic, when the initial phase, an embanked stone circle, 12 metres in diameter, was built.  The stone circle was then incorporated into a much larger round barrow during the Bronze Age. The site is now divided between two garden plots to the rear of private houses in Station Road and has been denuded as a result of the previous excavations and later landscaping within the gardens.


Description:
This was one of three Bronze Age round barrows described by Richard Fenton in the early 19th century and may  be one of the two he excavated.  Fenton failed to find evidence of a burial, but noted that a turf-cutter had uncovered a funerary urn and cremated bone from the edge of the mound some years previously.  It was excavated by H.N. Savory in 1946 but no finds of note were made, apart from evidence of the postholes for an irregular wooden palisade, circa 18 metres in diameter, beneath the barrow.  This barrow was destroyed by house building after the 1946 excavation.


Description:
This is the northernmost of three round barrows which once stood on Letterston common.  It was excavated by H.N. Savory in 1946 and was found to contain a number of cremation burials.  The primary burial was discovered beneath the mound, consisting of cremated bone in an inverted urn, within a stone cist.  A flint knife was also found in the cist.  Three secondary burials had been inserted into the mound at a later date.  Two of these were also of cremated bone contained in funerary urns, both put into poorly made cists; the cremated bone in the third was of the secondary burials was again in an inverted urn, accompanied by a pygmy cup.  Beneath the barrow, evidence for a wooden palisade, 16 metres in diameter, was noted. The barrow was destroyed by house building after the 1946 excavation. The finds are kept at the National Museum of Wales.


Description:
Richard Fenton, in the early 19th century, referred to a large standing stone at the extreme south-eastern corner of Letterston Common, near Longstone Farm.  Some confusion arose later relating to the site of this now lost stone, partly due to the fact that Longstone Farm was originally located some 300 metres further to the southeast that at present.  However, the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows the position of the stone, although it had already been moved by that time.  By the early years of the 20th century, the railway line to Fishguard had effectively cut through the former site of the standing stone.


Description:
Richard Fenton, at the start of the 19th century, described an unusual stone monument near Letterston.  Unfortunately, his description was not precise enough to plot the position of this now lost site.  He described a setting of three large, upright stones (the longest being 10 feet or 3 metres long), which had stood in a triangular arrangement, on a "pavement".  The stones had been taken down several years before Fenton's visit, so it is not clear whether he described them from memory or from a description furnished by a local informant.  In the absence of any surviving stones, we can only say that the site was "on the left side of the common… in an enclosed field." It is possible that Fenton means that the stones were in a field beyond the common boundary of course.  In more recent times, the Dyfed Archaeological Trust have speculated that an earth  bank in a field to the north of Station Road may represent a Neolithic henge, within which the three stones may have originally been set.  However, the reported henge (PRN 2393) seems likely to be a misinterpretation of an old boundary bank, shown on 19th and early 20th century maps, which has been levelled, but survives as a curving earthwork in the field.  The mystery of the location of Fenton's "trilithon" therefore remains unsolved.


Description:
Horeb chapel was built in 1901 and remains open as a place of worship in 2011. There are no burials here, although a memorial stone to the influential Welsh civil servant Sir Goronwy Daniel (1914-2003) and his wife Lady Valerie Lloyd George is located to the rear of the chapel building.


Description:
This railway station was built in the early 1900s when the North Pembrokeshire & Fishguard Railway was extended from Rosebush to Fishguard.  The station included sidings, goods sheds, an engine shed as well as a platform and station buildings. Most of the site was cleared after the line closed in 1949.


Description:
A stone axe was reportedly found by a peat cutter about 200 metres to the east of Great Letterston farm during the 1860s. If the description of the findspot is accurate, the area of the find is now occupied by the village Recreation Ground, formerly the village green.


Description:
A stone boulder built into the hedgerow immediately to the east of Dolwerdd and on the southern side of the road is incised with a small cross. Its date is unknown, but it may be medieval. It was photographed by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust in 1982.


Description:
Sealyham Rocks is the site of a univallate Iron Age enclosure which has incorporated the natural rock outcrop into the circuit of its defences. The enclosure measures over 80 metres northeast to southwest, by 40 metres and the best surviving sections of the single rampart bank is up to 2 metres high, with traces of an external ditch in places.  Much of the site is now overgrown, especially to the eastern end.


Description:
Welsh Hook bridge carries a minor road across the Western Cleddau river, just to the south of a former mill.  The bridge has three arches, with a stone parapet. A 1744 datestone is seen at the southern end of the parapet.


Description:
In the late 19th century this former woollen mill occupied the northwestern half of a large mill building, with a flour mill occupying the other half of the building.  The mill is not shown on the 1833 1 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map, so was evidently founded in the mid- to late-19th century.  The whole building was converted into residential units in 1988.


Description:
In the late 19th century this former corn or flour mill occupied the southeastern half of a large mill building, with a woollen factory occupying the other half of the building.  The mill is not shown on the 1833 1 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map, so was evidently founded in the mid- to late-19th century.  The whole building was converted into residential units in 1988.


Description:
A possible Iron Age defended enclosure which was first noted by the RCAHMW in 1989 on aerial photographs.  The enclosure measures about 60 metres by 50 metres in area, but is very denuded and only a very low bank, 0.1 metres high by 5 metres wide, seems to indicate its position in a pasture field.


Description:
A fine standing stone, nearly 3 metres high by 1.5 metres wide and 0.75 metres thick.

Comments:
A public footpath PP88/6/1 passes 60 metres to the south of the stone.


Description:
A fine standing stone,  2.1 metres high by 1.7 metres wide and 0.7 metres thick. There is evidence of packing stones exposed around the base of the stone.


Description:
This small Iron Age defended enclosure was positioned at the edge of a natural scarp, which offered protection to the eastern side of the site.  The rampart bank and out ditch of a D-shaped enclosure now survive here, measuring about 70 metres long northeast to southwest, by 45 metres wide. The original shape and size of the monument is not certain as the eastern side of the enclosure has been lost to 19th century slate quarrying.  A rectangular annexe, measuring some 40 metres by 20 metres is attached to the southwestern end of the main enclosure.  The bank and ditch of the main enclosure are well preserved in places, the bank up to 2 metres high and the ditch about 1 metre deep. Interestingly, the magazine for the adjacent Sealyham slate quarry was positioned just to the west of the annexe.

Comments:
A public footpath PP88/12/1 passes along the eastern side of the enclosure.


Description:
Sealyham quarry was first worked by the Tucker family of Sealyham as an estate quarry. During the 1820s the blue slate was thought to have commercial potential and was exploited by the new squire of Sealyham, William Tucker Edwardes.  Development was limited, partly due to the presence of the carriage drive to the mansion along the western edge of the working.  In 1847 a lease was issued to Watkin Scale, who attempted to modernise and expand quarrying operations here. He installed new machinery and employed a North Wales quarry manager, but by 1851 was forced to give up the lease due to a lack of trade. From 1855 the Rees brothers of Broadmoor Farm, Wolfscastle held the lease and succeeded in selling a range of roofing slates under the name of the "Sealyham Metallic Slate Company".  Their high prices led to the collapse of the company in 1862.  The quarry worked again from 1866 until 1876, with a partnership including two Caernarfonshire partners, the Hugheses.  In 1871 there were only 10 men employed at the quarry and it seems it remained small scale throughout this period.  The third partner in this venture was Hugh Davies, who teamed up with Thomas Williams and operated as the Sealyham Slate Company from 1877 until 1881. This company had grand plans for the quarry but these were not realised. In 1881, falling prices led to Williams leaving.  Sealyham Slate closed in 1885, and despite a number of attempts to establish new companies during the next two decades, it seems likely that there was little slate production here thereafter and probably no activity after 1903, when some limited quarrying may have been undertaken.  Today, there are many traces of former quarry buildings and structures around the flooded quarry pit.  These include the carriage drive from Sealyham, over Quarry Bridge, to Wolfscastle, which was used from the 1840s onwards to carry slate to the main road.

Comments:
The quarry is now flooded and designated as a SSSI (part of the Western Cleddau SSSI).  The old carriageway to Sealyham and Wolfscastle is open to walkers as part of a circular walk.


Description:
When Sealyham slate quarry was developed in the late 1840s, the leat of a disused corn mill was incorporated into the quarry complex, to provide water to power pumps and machinery.  Little is known of the mill, other than that it was probably the estate mill for Sealyham Estate. The leat which powered its waterwheel tapped into the Afon Anghof to the northeast. The mill is named on the 1814 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawing map, and shown on the 1833 Ordnance Survey 1 inch to 1 mile map. In the late 19th century a building known as Quarry Cottage is shown on maps, and this cottage may have been the original mill house or a converted mill building.  The ruins of the site can be seen in Sealyham Woods to the present day.  The road which is now known as Quarry Lane, running northeast from Bryn Gomer, Wolfscastle, was apparently originally known as Ffordd y Felin (Mill Road) and ran to this mill.


Description:
Quarry Bridge carries a mid-19th century carriage drive linking Sealyham mansion to Wolfscastle village across the Afon Anghof.  It may have been built to help facilitate the expansion of quarrying operations at nearby Sealyham Quarry.

Comments:
The former carriage drive is now accessible as a walking track as part of a circular walk from Wolfscastle, although this apparently not a public footpath.


Description:
Sealyham mansion is one of the largest Georgian country houses in West Wales. The Tucker family resided at Sealyham from at least the 14th century, when Edward III granted an estate here to Thomas Tucker, who had served in his army. One of the most famous members of the family was Admiral Thomas Tucker, who has been credited (erroneously) for capturing the notorious pirate Edward Teach (Blackbeard), but certainly rightly credited for capturing a Spanish treasure ship, the San Joseph.  His reward for this action was substantial and enabled him to create a large estate for the family in Pembrokeshire. The present house at Sealyham dates to the early 19th century, but it incorporates elements of an earlier mansion. In the later 19th century Sealyham was the home of Captain J.O. Tucker-Edwardes who devoted much of his life to perfecting the breeding of the ultimate hunting terrier.  The Sealyham Terrier remains a popular breed to the present day.  The Tucker-Edwardes family had sold the property by the early 20th century and from 1923 the King Edward VII Welsh National Memorial Association used the house as a tuberculosis hospital.  From 1980 to the present day (2011) the house has been used as an outdoor pursuits centre.  Elements of the estate landscape and formal gardens of the mansion still survive around the house, and the adjacent Sealyham Woods is once again part of the property.

Comments:
The Sealyham Activity Centre has an informative website www.sealyham.com.


Description:
St Dogwell's is dedicated to the Celtic saint Dogfael. There is no firm evidence to show that it existed before the Norman period. The 6th century Hogtivis Stone stands in the churchyard, but was brought here from Little Treffgarne in the late 19th century.  A  holy well, also dedicated to St. Dogfael, is found nearby. The church is first mentioned in the Taxatio list of 1291, but has some possible 12th century fabric and a probable 12th century font.  The present church retains much medieval fabric, including a late medieval arches to the nave and chancel. The building was restored in the 1870s. There are many memorials to the Tucker and Tucker-Edwardes family of Sealyham within the church. The Welsh name for the parish of St Dogwell's is Llantyddewi, and the land was a possession of the Bishops of St Davids during medieval times, perhaps focused on nearby St Dogwell's Farm.


Description:
St Dogwell's church stands within a small, rectangular churchyard. The 6th century ogham stone known as the Hogtivis Stone stands here.


Description:
This bilingual stone, stands nearly 2 metres high and is inscribed in Latin and Ogam. It was found near Little Treffgarne farm in 1875, where it was used as a gatepost. It was later moved to St Dogwell's churchyard, where it still stands. The stone is thought to date to the 6th century AD. The inscription reads, in Latin, HOGTIVIS FILI DEMETI (Hogtivus son of Demetus).  In ogam, it reads OGTENAS or OGTENLO but seems to be incomplete,


Description:
This possible medieval holy well is still flowing into a stone lined chamber, with a slate slab covering.  The water has been historically piped to the nearby vicarage to provide its domestic supply.


Description:
In 1992, the Dyfed Archaeological Trust recorded information from a member of the public that, some years previously, three cist graves of Early Medieval type, arranged in a row, were uncovered in the corner of a field at Parc y Pwll.  The graves were made of slate slabs. They were not opened but quickly reburied.


Description:
Garn Turne chambered tomb is one of the most impressive Neolithic monuments in Pembrokeshire, despite the fact that the supporting stones of its massive capstone appear to have collapses, lowering the level of the chamber. The capstone is estimated to weigh 60 tonnes and measures 5 metres in length by 4 metres wide and is a metre thick.  A rare example of a Neolithic cup and ring marking or petroglyph has been identified on the upper face of the capstone.  Six surviving upright stones defined a V-shaped forecourt area leading into the northeastern side of the chamber, similar to the plan of the Pentre Ifan chambered tomb.  There appears to be evidence to suggest that a stone cairn originally existed around the chamber, with many angular stones scattered on the surface or protruding through the grass around the monument.


Description:
This well-preserved enclosure is situated on a moderate north-facing slope, overlooking the Western Cleddau river valley.  It measures over 50 metres in diameter and has a single earthwork rampart bank with an external ditch. Some breaks have been eroded through the bank, but much of it remains upstanding, up to 1.7 metres high in places.


Description:
Richard Fenton, writing in the early 19th century in  "A Historical Tour Through Pembrokeshire" (p.331), famously referred to the discovery of what he believed was a Roman villa with an associated bath.  The site had been discovered by a labourer working on a hedge in 1806. When Fenton visited shortly afterwards, there was abundant evidence of bricks and hexagonal tiles of Roman character at the site and it was also possible for him to record in detail the oral evidence of witnesses to the characteristics of the bath which had been discovered. The site was again investigated in the 2003, when Dr Mark Merrony undertook a geophysical survey of the site, followed by limited excavation.  This again confirmed the presence of apparently Roman remains.  However, in 2010 the Dyfed Archaeological Trust carried out a second excavation, close to the area of the 2006 excavation (but to the opposite, western side of the field boundary).  This dig found disappointingly little evidence of Roman or any activity.  A geophysical survey carried out at the same time nevertheless revealed that there was a previously unidentified enclosure in the field to the southwest of the excavation. This enclosure appeared to be a probable Iron Age defended enclosure.  The geophysical survey also revealed further potential features across the adjacent fields, but at present these remain uninvestigated and as yet unexplained.


Description:
It is said that a roadside well near Lordship Farm, to the west of Wolfscastle, was popular in the past due to the coolness of its water in summer. The water would be collected by children to be used for butter making in the summer months.


Description:
This village drinking fountain was erected in 1902 to commemorate the death of C.G.W.E. Edwardes of Sealyham by his widow.  A commemorative inscription is mounted above the fountain, built into stone wall.  Analysis of the 1889 and 1907 Ordnance Survey maps suggests that there was a village spring or well at the site before the memorial drinking fountain was erected.  An electric pump now ensures that the water continues to flow.


Description:
This village school was originally built to serve St Dogwell's parish as early as 1834, making it one of the earliest schools in Wales.  It originally had wings for boys and girls, with the schoolmaster's house positioned centrally to separate them.  The school remains open in 2011 and the original buildings have been incorporated into the larger, modern layout.


Description:
The Ivy House stone is a cross-inscribed stone, probably dating to the 7th to 9th century AD.  The stone formerly stood at Ivy House, Wolfscastle, and was recorded there in 1912.  In modern times the stone has been removed and reportedly deposited some 500 metres to the north of Wolfscastle in an unofficial roadside dump and is therefore now lost, but a photograph of it still exists in the Pembrokeshire Record Office.


Description:
Wolfscastle village may have begun to grow on the northern side of the Western Cleddau after the establishment of the Norman motte and bailey castle here in the 12th century. To the south of the river, there was a small settlement known as Gilbert’s Ford or Gibbrick’s Ford by the 14th century, which included a fulling mill.  
 
We only begin to see maps of the area from the early 19th century onwards, and little can be said about life at Wolfscastle during earlier times. The appearance of Wolfscastle on these early maps is of a small village, occupying the high ground to the northwest of the medieval castle.  To the southwest, across the Western Cleddau and on lower ground, was the smaller, detached hamlet of Ford, which stood on the site of Gibbrick’s Ford.  It is evident from the name of this part of the village that before a bridge was built across the Cleddau in post medieval times, travellers had to ford the river here.
 
By the 1820s a turnpike road had been constructed through the heart of Wolfscastle and Ford, increasing trade and traffic through the area. Wolfscastle was a post-town for the district by the 1830s, establishing it as the most prominent village in the area. In 1834, one of the earliest schools in Wales was built in the village, with wings for boys and girls. Late 19th century maps show Wolfscastle and Ford after over half a century of development. By the 1880s Ford had spread southwards from the river, but was only composed of a few scattered houses and farms, Penybont Independent Chapel and The Commercial Inn. Wolfscastle had grown further northwards along the main road and still had its school, as well as the impressive vicarage known as Alltyrafon at its southeastern edge.
 
During the 20th century, the biggest changes to the settlement have come in the form of improvements to the communications system. The main railway line arrived here in the early 20th century, and Wolfscastle had its own halt line between 1906 and 1964. There was also a major road improvement, which redirected the main road to run outside and east of the village, thereby taking traffic out of the village core.  One consequence of this is that the medieval castle, which must have been integral to the medieval settlement, is now rather cut off from the village.  Given its position on this main road, Wolfscastle has continued to grow, with continuing new development around and within the village core.


Description:
Penybont chapel is an attractive building, prominent in the village landscape at Wolfscastle. The chapel was first built in 1807 and rebuilt in 1876 and 1907.  It is said that the stone for the chapel was brought here from a Roman villa site which lies less than 700 metres to the west. There is a vestry building to the east of the chapel.  There is no burial ground at the chapel, itself, the graveyard being located 250 metres to the east, on the other side of the A40 and Western Cleddau. Penybont remains open as a place of worship in 2011.


Name:
PENYBONT INDEPENDENT CHAPEL BURIAL GROUND

Description:
This burial ground was established during the 19th century for Penybont Independent Chapel.  It lies 250 metres east of the chapel, across the Western Cleddau and modern A40 road.


Description:
This attractive stone bridge spans the Western Cleddau river with three arches. It has a keystone datestone on its eastern face, dated 1793, and a boundary stone marking the division of Hayscastle and St Dogwell's parish in the centre of the east parapet.


Description:
This medieval motte and bailey castle probably dates to the 12th century.  It is recorded as Castrum Lupi in the 13th century, which has been translated into English as Wolfscastle and into Welsh as Castell y Blaidd or Casblaidd.  Lupi is thought to be a Norman or English personal name, however, not the Latin for wolf (Canis Lupus).  The castle now survives as an earthwork, cut off from the adjacent village of Wolfscastle by the A40 road, but otherwise remarkably undisturbed.  It is situated on top of a hill which has steep sides to the east and south. The motte stands up to 7 metres high, by 15 metres in diameter and is surrounded by a shallow ditch.  The bailey enclosure lies to the south east of the motte and is grassy, level area measuring about 90 metres by 70 metres in area.

Comments:
There is a footpath giving access to the castle from the east.  An interpretive panel stood within the bailey when visited in 2011 but the panel frame was decaying and the base of the supporting posts beginning to rot quite badly.


Description:
This pub was originally opened in the second half of the 19th century as the Commercial Inn. After the arrival of the railway in Wolfscastle at the start of the 20th century, the name was changed to the Commercial Hotel.  By 1975 it had become "The Wolf", later "The Wolfe Inn". It remains open in 2011 and has a popular restaurant and provides accommodation.


Description:
The present Wolfscastle Country Hotel stands on the site of an earlier coaching inn known as the Sealyham Arms. By the middle of the 19th century the inn had been converted into a country house named Allt yr Afon by the Edwardes family of Sealyham. In 1906 it became Wolfscastle House, when another member of the Edwardes family took up residence.  From 1976 it has been owned by the present proprietor of the Wolfscastle Country Hotel.


Description:
This halt was opened on the Clarbeston Road & Letterston Railway, a subsidiary line of the GWR in 1913.  The railway itself had opened in 1906, connecting the main South Wales line with Fishguard.  Wolfs Castle Halt closed in 1964. Although the platforms can still be seen here, the waiting shelters have been removed.


Description:
An apparent defended enclosure is shown here on late 19th and early 20th century Ordnance Survey maps.  It appears to have been a univallate enclosure, possibly with its northern side left open or denuded.  The area was overplanted by a coniferous forest by the mid-1970s. No archaeological investigation of the site has been made.


Description:
This circular enclosure measures about 50 metres in diameter and is defined by an earthwork rampart bank up to 1 metre high. There is a metre-high external ditch, with evidence of a low counterscarp bank around its outer edge.  The entrance into the enclosure is through its eastern side. There are traces of undated internal divisions, but two possible Iron Age round houses have also been noted within the enclosure, to either side of the entrance.  In the pasture field surrounding the enclosure, traces of a probable Iron Age field system can be seen on aerial photographs.

Comments:
The Dyfed Archaeological-cal Trust record the field system as PRN 35754.


Description:
This Iron Age site is located on the lower valley slope close to the southern banks of the Nant y Coy stream.  The 10 metre high scarp above the stream protects the site on its northern side, with a single curving bank and external ditch defining the rest of the circuit of defences. The bank is now quite low, only 0.3 metres high and the ditch is infilled. The eastern side of the rampart is overlain by a modern hedged boundary bank which may well obscure the entrance. Overall the enclosure measures over 50 metres in diameter.


Description:
Nant y Coy Mill is a former corn mill which now has visitor facilities.  It is thought that there was a mill in the area as early as 1330, but no building is shown at the present mill site on the 1833 Ordnance Survey map.  The 1841 census makes no mention of Nant y Coy mill or of a miller in Treffgarne parish. The farm called Clynfelin lies 1 kilometre to the west of Nant y Coy mill, and the "felin" name may suggest that the medieval mill was higher up the valley.  During the early 1840s a miller named Evans Evans came to the area from the Llyn Peninsula and he was certainly working Nant y Coy Mill by the time of the 1851 census.  A datestone initialled "J.E. 1844" on the mill building indicates that the mill was either built in that year, or possibly rebuilt on the foundations of an earlier mill.  The mill went out of use by the mid-20th century, although the property continued as a working farm.  In the late 20th century the buildings have been restored for use as a visitor attraction. There was a mill pond to the west, higher up the Nant y Coy valley, and water was brought to the wheel via a leat system.


Description:
The tiny chapel-of-ease at St Margaret's, Ford was built in 1627 by Margaret Symmons of Martel, Puncheston, for her local tenants who otherwise had to travel a considerable distance to attend church. It was restored in the late 1700s by William Knox of Llanstinan.


Description:
There is a small churchyard attached to Ford chapel-of-ease. A war memorial stands here.


Description:
This memorial commemorates local war dead of the 20th century.  It stands in the churchyard and is a grey granite obelisk.


Description:
Great Treffgarne Rocks is a prominent rocky hill, the natural defensive properties of which were used in the Iron Age as the site of a strongly defended hillfort.  Three sides of the fort are protected by the steep and rocky sides of the hill, but to the west the landscape is gentler and it is here that the remains of a strong outer rampart and ditch are seen, affording extra protection to the interior of the fort.  The main defensive rampart and ditch enclosed a flat, oval area, which measures about 75 metres by 50 metres in area, to the west of the main rock outcrop.  The original entrance into the enclosure seems to have been through a gap in the southern side of fort.  Outside the entrance there appear to be slight earthworks which may be contemporary with the fort and represent further defensive outworks or a field system.

Comments:
Full access is possible as this is Open Access land.  The proximity of the site to the Nant y Coy Mill, where visitor facilities are available, makes this an attractive site to visit.


Description:
This site consists of three circular foundations, thought to be prehistoric round huts, tightly grouped. The largest is 12.5 metres in diameter and the other two are 9 metres and 7 metres in diameter.  They appear as hollows surrounded by stone foundations, but are obscured by bracken for part of the year.  It is evident, from aerial photographic evidence, that at least two stone boundary banks run off this cluster of features, one to the north-northwest and the other to the east (in the direction of Great Treffgarne Rocks hillfort).  It seems that this area has a prehistoric settlement and field system surviving under the bracken, possibly contemporary with the neighbouring Iron Age hillfort, but equally possibly dating to an earlier period.


Description:
The early history of Little Treffgarne has been documented by Major Francis Jones in a paper published in Archaeologia Cambrensis in 1961.  It is said to have been the home of one Thomas ap Owain in medieval times, of the princely family of Deheubarth.  It is thought that a monastic house was established here in the early 12th century, although it was soon abandoned in favour of Whitland, where the more famous abbey was developed.  Richard Fenton noted that the lease on the property was held from the Precentor of St David’s Cathedral in the early 19th century. The Edwardes family held the lease during the 18th century, but after the marriage of the male heir with the heiress of Sealyham in the 1770s, the family made Sealyham their chief residence. The apparent remains of the medieval house were still present in the late 19th century and were described by the Pembrokeshire Archaeological Survey in 1888 as a long, narrow building in a ruinous state, then used as a cattle shed.  A large post medieval dwelling stands here and is now part of a working farm complex.


Description:
A monastery is said to have been founded near Little Treffgarne in the mid-12th century. It was established in 1144 by Bishop Bernard of St Davids, but only survived for a few years before it was moved to Whitland in Carmarthenshire. Little else is known about the foundation.  The 6th century ogam stone known as the Hogvitis Stone, now kept at St Dogwell's parish church, was found near Little Treffgarne farm and this has led to speculation that the 12th century monastery was in fact founded on the site of a pre-Norman monastery.  There is no other evidence to prove this however.


Description:
This is a possible defended enclosure, defined by what appears to be an intermittent, low stony bank to the east and south of the rock outcrop known as Poll Carn, which would itself have been incorporated into the defensive circuit.  A second defensive rampart can be traced to the east, suggesting that there may have been a bivallate enclosure here. There has been some uncertainty as to whether these features are genuinely archaeological or not, but the most recent analysis by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust (2006) suggests that this is indeed an Iron Age fortification.  The inner enclosure appears to measure 80 metres north to south, by 50 metres east to west internally. Within this enclosure there appear to be areas which have been destoned, suggesting that they might be the sites of buildings erected when the fortification was occupied.


Description:
At the heart of Treffgarne Gorge, to the eastern side of the Western Cleddau, there is a section of unfinished railway trackbed, which was constructed for I.K. Brunel's proposed South Wales Railway extension to Abermawr, near Fishguard.  This work was undertaken in the late 1840s, but the project was finally abandoned in 1852 when Neyland was adopted as the terminus of Brunel's railway, rather than Abermawr.  About 400 metres of trackbed now lies hidden in the woods, but the remains are especially valuable as they give a rare opportunity to see the strategy followed by the teams of navvies constructing the line.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/2/2 crosses the trackbed.


Description:
This small enclosure is now surrounded by woodland, although the interior of the site is clear of trees.  It is defined by a single rampart and ditch, with the bank still up to 1 metre high. There is an entrance through the southeastern side. Overall the enclosure is about 30 metres in diameter.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/2/2 runs through the site.


Description:
This circular enclosure is now divided in half by a modern field boundary, with its eastern side in a pasture field and its western side in a wooded area. It measures about 60 metres in diameter, with a single bank and ditch, the entrance passing through its northern side. The bank is up to 1 metre high.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/1/1 runs through the site.


Description:
This defended enclosure lies in woodland on the eastern side of the Treffgarne Gorge.  It has recently been described as being circular in plan, the interior measuring 25 metres north to south, by 20 metres east to west. A single rampart bank, up to 1 metre high, with an external ditch, defines the enclosure, with an entrance in the south side. The bank does not continue around the whole circuit of the site, as the defences on the western side are formed simply by the ditch, with a counterscarp bank to its western, downslope side, and the top of the natural scarp rising above the ditch to the east effectively acting as a bank.

Comments:
Scheduled in 2010 it appears, SAM Number not yet in HER or NMR. Public footpath PP88/1/1 runs through the site.


Description:
This former mill site is shown on the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings  and 1833 1 inch to 1 mile scale Ordnance Survey map, apparently as a working mill.  On both maps, the mill leat is depicted running to the mill from the north, and the property is named as Trefgarn Mill.  The 1889 Ordnance Survey map also names the site as Trefgarn Mill, but by this time it appears to have ceased working as a corn mill, possibly due to the creation or restoration of Nant y Coy Mill, 2km to the west-northwest, during the 1840s, or due to its proximity to Spittal Mill some 600 metres to the south-southwest.  On modern maps the property is named as Upper Mill, but by the 21st century it had been abandoned and fallen into ruin.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/23/1 runs just to the west of the site.


Description:
This 19th century country house was the residence of the Evans family. It was built in 1824 for David Evans, on land his owned by his family.  No building is shown here on the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings, therefore it seems that the Hall was built on a greenfield site. .  John Evans of Treffgarne Hall was an active Baptist during the 19th century and helped found a number of chapels in the county.  The house was used as a country hotel during the late 20th century, but had reverted to being a private residence by the 21st century. It is a fine example of a late Georgian country house and elements of its formal gardens and estate landscape survive around it.


Description:
This small parish church has medieval origins and was mentioned in the Taxatio list of 1291.  The church was rebuilt during the 19th century.  It stands in a small, rectangular churchyard and remains open as a place of worship in 2011.  A small, corrugated iron church hall stands to the west, on the opposite side of the road, but appears to have fallen out of use.


Name:
ST MICHAEL'S PARISH CHURCHYARD, TREFFGARNE

Description:
A small, rectangular churchyard surrounds St Michael's church.  It has several yew trees, and many interesting gravestones and memorials.


Description:
This 20th century quarry was a major source of hard andesite, an igneous rock, which was used for roadstone. The site was owned by the Evans family of Treffgarne Hall and there were minor quarry workings here from the early 20th century onwards. The main quarry was in full production by the 1950s and had its own crushing mills and railway branch line to facilitate the processing and transport of the quarried stone.  Quarrying ended in the 1960s and the site was flooded, creating a lake.  Later in the 1970s the lake was purchased by Sealyham Activity Centre and used for canoeing courses.


Description:
This Iron Age enclosure was noted in the late 19th and early 20th century but never mapped by the Ordnance Survey.  By the mid-20th century it had been destroyed by quarrying activity at Treffgarne Quarry and therefore little is known about its characteristics.  It was said to have been circular in plan and surrounded by a wide ditch.


Description:
This is a possible Iron Age enclosure, which had been recognised by the 20th century and was included in the RCAHM's Pembrokeshire Inventory in 1925. Based on mid-20th century aerial photographs it was thought to measure about 100 metres northeast to southwest, by 55 metres, with an entrance in its northwest side. There is now little evidence of the site in the field and there is some doubt as to whether it genuinely is a defended enclosure.


Description:
This rectangular enclosure is found in a pasture field to the east of the minor road that leads into Treffgarne village from the A40. The enclosure is visible on aerial photographs and measures approximately 50 metres east to west, by 35 metres north to south.


Description:
An attractive, stone-built lodge which was positioned at the entrance of the carriage drive that originally led to Treffgarne Hall.  After a period of dereliction, it has been restored in the early 21st century.


Description:
This Iron Age site is now obscured in a small woodland. It is nevertheless well-preserved and measures nearly 50 metres north to south, by 40 metres east to west. It has a single rampart bank, which still stands over 1 metre high, surrounded by an external ditch which is as much as 1.5 metres deep.  A slight counterscarp bank is visible around the ditch. The entrance is in the southern side of the enclosure.


Description:
This small Iron Age enclosure sits at the top of the eastern side of Treffgarne Gorge, now largely hidden in woodland, although the very eastern edge of the enclosure lies within the garden area of Hazel Grove house. The enclosures measures nearly 50 metres in diameter overall and is defined by a single rampart bank and external ditch.  The bank is up to 1 metre high and the ditch is now only about 0.3 metres deep.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/1/2 runs just to the west of the site.


Description:
This Iron Age fort occupies an inland promontory overlooking the confluence of the Western Cleddau and Spittal Brook, although it is now thickly cloaked in deciduous woodland and there are no views from the site. The enclosure is rectilinear in shape, measuring about 90 metres southeast to northwest, by 50 metres east to west.  The south and west sides are protected by the steep slopes which descend into Treffgarne Gorge, whilst the north and east sides are protected by a more substantial earthwork rampart and external ditch.  This bank still stands nearly 2 metres high and the ditch is up to 2 metres deep in places.  Within the rectilinear enclosure, a curving bank divides the interior into two parts.  It is possible that this bank represents the original rampart of a circular fortification which has been extended to the southeast to create the more rectilinear form now seen.  The entrance into the enclosure passes through the rampart on its northeastern side.


Description:
At the southern end of Treffgarne Gorge, to the eastern side of the Western Cleddau, there is a short section of unfinished railway trackbed, which was constructed for I.K. Brunel's proposed South Wales Railway extension to Abermawr, near Fishguard.  This work was undertaken in the late 1840s, but the project was finally abandoned in 1852 when Neyland was adopted as the terminus of Brunel's railway, rather than Abermawr.  About 150 metres of trackbed now lies hidden here in the woods, but the remains are especially valuable as they give a rare opportunity to see the strategy followed by the teams of navvies constructing the line.

Comments:
Public footpath PP88/1/2 runs across the line of the trackbed.


Description:
At the southern end of Treffgarne Gorge, to the eastern side of the Western Cleddau, there is a short section of unfinished railway trackbed, which was constructed for I.K. Brunel's proposed South Wales Railway extension to Abermawr, near Fishguard. The trackbed runs northwest from an excavated pit which may also have been associated with the railway project. This work was undertaken in the late 1840s, but the project was finally abandoned in 1852 when Neyland was adopted as the terminus of Brunel's railway, rather than Abermawr.  About 150 metres of trackbed now lies hidden here in the woods, but the remains are especially valuable as they give a rare opportunity to see the strategy followed by the teams of navvies constructing the line.


Description:
The Three Tumps are three Bronze Age round barrows found close together in a pasture field alongside the A40.  The barrows have been denuded by centuries of agricultural activity, but slight mounds are still visible at the site of each barrow, the middle barrow being best preserved at 0.5 metres high by 34 metres in diameter. It is possible that important archaeological deposits still lie below the ploughsoil.

Comments:
The individual records for the three barrows in the Regional HER are PRNs 2452, 2453 & 2454.


Description:
The Corner Piece has been open since the first half of the 19th century and is recorded as an inn on the 1841 Rudbaxton parish census, when 60 year old Margaret Llewellyn was the innkeeper.  It remains open and is a popular venue in 2011.


Description:
In 1925, the RCAHM recorded that there was a fallen standing stone in this field, said to have stood erect until about 1850.  The stone no longer survives.


Description:
This defended enclosure was noted as early as 1870 and the eastern side of the enclosure is shown on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map.  By 1925, the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in Wales describe the site as having only slight earthwork remains in the form of a low bank at its eastern edge, but suggest that it was about 180 feet (54 metres) in diameter.  Modern aerial photographs suggest that the enclosure may have been larger, apparently extending to the west below a farm trackway.  The Dyfed Archaeological Trust describe the rath as being an "egg-shaped", bivallate enclosure measuring about 60 metres by 75 metres, with a possible annexe outside the main enclosure. The true plan of the site has yet to be established however.  There is now very little to see on the surface here.


Description:
Bethlehem Baptist Chapel was first built in 1820 and restored in 1874. It was founded by the Rev. David Rees, Froghole, who is buried in the attached burial ground. The chapel house is attached to the east gable wall, and a porch and vestry are built onto the western end of the chapel.  There is an outdoor baptistery immediately to the south of the chapel. Bethlehem remains in use as a place of worship in 2011.


Description:
This burial ground is attached to the northern side of Bethlehem chapel and it contains many gravestones and memorials of genealogical interest. Amongst the graves is that of the Rev. David Rees, Froghole (died 1827), who founded the chapel and was highly regarded during his ministry.


Description:
Just to the north of Lower Haythog farm, the 1889 Ordnance Survey map shows a section of unfinished railway trackbed, about 500 metres long, which would have been constructed for I.K. Brunel's proposed South Wales Railway extension to Abermawr, near Fishguard. Further intermittent sections of the trackbed can be seen to the east, back towards the point where the South Wales Railway originally turned for Haverfordwest and Neyland. This work was undertaken in the late 1840s, but the project was finally abandoned in 1852 when Neyland was adopted as the terminus of Brunel's railway, rather than Abermawr - the trackbed prepared to the west of Lower Haythog being abandoned as a result.  When the main line was eventually extended to Fishguard by the early 20th century, these abandoned sections of trackbed were usually incorporated into the new line, as happened in this case.


Description:
This historic home is described by Major Francis Jones in his "Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire". The first mention of Kilbarth dates to 1326 when land here was part of a Knight’s Fee held by Guy de Brian. The property is further mentioned in the 16th and century and from the mid-17th century until the mid-19th century it was the home of the Phillips family.


Description:
This historic home is described by Major Francis Jones in his "Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire".  It is possible that Great Rudbaxton stands on the site of a medieval homestead associated with the Knight’s Fee of Rudbaxton, founded by Alexander Rudebac in the 12th century.  The name Rudebac may be a Norman version of the Welsh Rhydbach (Small ford). The present house dates to the late 18th or early 19th century and is a substantial farmhouse on a working farm. The Hayward family are thought to have owned Great Rudbaxton after marrying into the Goddard family of Fletherhill in the late 16th century.  The Hayward Monument in neighbouring Rudbaxton church commemorates the final generation of the Hayward family.  In the late 18th century Great Rudbaxton was owned by Sir Watkin Lewes, a Welshman who had become the Lord Mayor of London.


Description:
This medieval motte or castle mound stands nearly 2.5 metres high and its flat topped summit was described as being 40 feet or 12 metres in diameter by the RCAHM in 1925.  It is known as a mutilated site, there is no evidence of a bailey attached to the motte and the site is overgrown with trees and vegetation making it difficult to appreciate. The castle is said to have been founded by Adam Rudepec in the early 12th century, from whose name Rudbaxton is derived (or alternatively may have taken his name from the place).


Description:
The location of this holy well is thought to be just to the northeast of St Michael's church, where a spring is shown on early Ordnance Survey maps.  There is a water filled, but overgrown, well chamber here and the spring continues to flow.  The dedication to the Celtic saint Madoc suggests that the parish church may have originally been dedicated to Madoc, rather than St. Michael.


Description:
St Michael's church was in existence by the mid-12th century.  It may have been granted to Gloucester cathedral as early as AD1110, by Alexander Rudepec. It was certainly among the Gloucester properties granted to the Knights of St John at Slebech Commandery during the second half of the 12th century.  The present church building is essentially a 13th century structure, with a 14th century south aisle built on to the chancel and nave. It has a strong, two-storeyed tower. One of the most striking features in the church is the impressive Howard family monument, which dates to the period 1665-1685) and consists of five statues of family members, set into three recesses in the east wall of the south aisle.  The figures are brightly painted and each figure holds a skull. Also in the church is a bust and commemorative inscription to Lieutenant-General Sir Thomas Picton, born at Poyston in 1758, who was baptised in Rudbaxton church and famously fell at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. He is buried in St Paul's Cathedral.


Name:
ST. MICHAEL'S PARISH CHURCHYARD, RUDBAXTON

Description:
St Michael's stands in a relatively large churchyard and has many gravestones and memorials of genealogical interest.


Description:
RAF Rudbaxton operated from 1941 until 1943. The airfield was a Satellite Landing Ground and had a grass landing strip, two Nissen Huts, tented accommodation and a blister hangar. From 1941 to 1942 38 Maintenance Unit used the airfield and from late 1942 until July 1943 it was used by the Ministry of Aircraft Production and aircraft were stored here.  It is also said that Rudbaxton was a secret airfield, from where Westland Lysander aircraft flew Special Operations missions to France.  It was close to the Corner Piece pub, where the "Watch Officer" or air traffic control was based.

Comments:
The source for the Lysander story is the Pembrokeshire County War Memorial website's list of RAF bases in Pembrokeshire.


Description:
A Bronze Age burnt mound or cooking hearth was reported here in 1911 by T.C. Cantrill.  Its existence has not been confirmed.


Description:
The Tumps consists of a pair of round barrows in a pasture field.  The western barrow measures 24 metres in diameter and is 0.35 metres high.  A hedgebank has been created across its northwestern edge.  The eastern barrow measures 30 metres in diameter and is 1 metre.  This barrow has been disturbed in the past, with a hollow dug into the top of the mound and a garden boundary bank cutting across its eastern side.

Comments:
The individual records for the two barrows are entered in the Regional Historic Environment Record as PRN 2457 & 2458.  In the National Monuments Record they are numbered NPRN 305229 & 305230.


Description:
An apparent Iron Age enclosure in a pasture field, now only visible as a cropmark from the air.  It is defined by the line of the defensive ditch, which appears as a cropmark on Royal Commission aerial photographs (RCAHMW AP955159/51).  It is estimated to measure about 60 metres in diameter.


Description:
This small Iron Age defended enclosure is found in a field to the east of Cannon Hill Farm.  The earthwork rampart bank is now very denuded and only a slight feature, no more than 0.5 metres high.  Only slight traces of the external ditch are now visible. The enclosure is oval in shape and measures about 55 metres by 40 metres overall.


Description:
Haythog Mill appears to have been founded in the mid-19th century as it is not shown on the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings or the 1833 OS 1 inch to 1 mile map.  The corn mill and mill house are present on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map and it continued as a working mill into the 20th century.  By the mid-20th century it appears to have fallen out of use.  The buildings have been converted for use in association with a private dwelling.


Description:
St. Catherine's Bridge takes its name from the medieval St Catherine's chapel which once stood near the end of the bridge.  The chapel has long disappeared, and the bridge has seen rebuilding over the centuries, but it is still a striking structure carrying a minor road over the Western Cleddau river, with two low arches separate by cutwaters and a third, overflow arch to its northwestern end.


Description:
Slouth Mill is shown on the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings and the 1833 1 inch to 1 mile Ordnance Survey map, but detail of the mill race and mill buildings is not shown until the 1889 25 inch scale Ordnance Survey map.  In 1861 a Scotsman, Alexander Davidson, was the miller here.  The mill worked into the first decade of the 20th century but was a ruin before the mid-20th century.  The name Slouth Mill has been transferred to a property 250 metres to the west-southwest, where a millstone can be seen leaning outside the wall at the roadside.  It is not known whether this second property was used as a mill at any time, but it was not built until the middle of the 19th century.


Description:
This medieval chapel of ease to Rudbaxton parish church is known to have existed by the 14th century.  In 1398 the rector was recorded as repairing the chapel and the adjacent St Catherine's Bridge.  The chapel stood to the east of the bridge.  It was said to be in ruins in 1833 (by Samuel Lewis in his "Topographical Dictionary of Wales", but had disappeared completely by 1920, when visited by the Royal Commission on  Ancient Monuments in Wales.


Description:
According to Major Francis Jones in his “Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire”, the now-demolished mansion of Fletherhill had its origins in a manor held by Guy de Brian in the mid-14th century.   By the late 16th century the manor of Fletherhill was a property of the Perrott family of Haroldston, and in the early 17th century was leased by the Sir John Philipps of Picton Castle.  

Fletherhill House was home to the Goddard family during the second half of the 16th century. Alice Goddard married one William Hayward during this period and for four generations the Haywards resided here.  They became one of the county’s leading families, several members of which are commemorated by the striking Hayward monument in Rudbaxton parish church. The Hayward line came to an end when the unmarried Thomas Hayward was killed in a duel in 1682. He left the large estate to his sister Mary, who was to marry George Tasker of Steynton.  They had no children and when Mary died she left all of her family possessions to the Mayor and Corporation of Haverfordwest, creating a trust to establish an alms house for the poor children of the area. This led to the foundation of Tasker’s School, the name of which is preserved today in Tasker-Millward School, Haverfordwest.  The house was a ruin by the late 18th century.

Comments:
According to local tradition, Mary Tasker used to have long strips of blue cloth, edged with scarlet, laid on the road for her to walk over when she walked from Fletherhill to Rudbaxton parish church.  These colours were used in the original uniform of Tasker’s School.


Description:
An 18th century mansion described by Major Francis Jones in his "Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire".  Although Poyston is recorded as early as the 15th century, the present house originated in the early 18th century after the property came into the possession of John Picton.  It was the home of the influential Picton family and the birthplace of General Sir Thomas Picton  (1758-1815), who fell at the Battle of Waterloo.  The house was remodelled at least twice, the last time being in 1901-1902 when Dr Henry Owen, the antiquarian and descendent of George Owen, Henllys, lived here. His splendid library was added at this time and is one of the most important aspects of the mansion.  The surrounding parkland and formal gardens and features such as the walled garden and fishponds still survive, adding to the historical importance of the property.


Description:
This defended enclosure is only visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs, but buried archaeology may well survive at the site. It lies just to the east of Withybush Airfield.  Only the outline of the ditch survives, which seems to show a sub-circular enclosure with possible antennae ditches leading into its entrance.


Description:
Rudbaxton school was established as a National School (Church School) in the first half of the 19th century.  It remained open until the 1960s but was closed and converted into a private dwelling.


Description:
This is a well-preserved round barrow, measuring 31 metres in diameter and up to 1.4 metres high.  A field boundary bank runs east to west across the barrow and the section of the monument to the south of the boundary is a little more denuded by agricultural activity that the northern part.  In 2007, the RCAHMW noted a possible second barrow about 50 metres to the northwest, although it only appears as a cropmark visible from the air.

Comments:
The RCAHMW's second barrow is recorded in the National Monuments Record as NPRN 407871.


Description:
This settlement was originally a farmstead named Cotts, but in 1814 it was bought by J.H. Peel, who became the High Sheriff of Pembrokeshire in 1826. His son-in-law Edward Taylor Massy built the present country house on the site of the earlier dwelling in 1839-1841.  This attractive mansion, with its late 19th century cast-iron framed conservatory remained in the possession of the Massy family until the mid-20th century.  Between 1916 and 1918 it was used as a Red Cross hospital for wounded servicemen, run by Dr. J.M. Lloyd-Davies of Glanafon. Today it stands intact and is still set in the parkland and gardens established during the 19th century.

Comments:
A footpath, PP75/2/1, passes close to the east of the property.


Description:
During the dry summer of 1990, the RCAHMW noted this remarkable site as a cropmark in a series of aerial photographs.  A near-perfect circle of small pits was revealed in the crop, which are thought to represent either a Neolithic timber circle or a Bronze Age pit circle.  The former would have been a ring of large timbers, similar to a stone circle, erected to form a "temple" used for ritual or religious purposes. The latter would have been a circle of pits, within which would have been buried cremated remains of the dead or special offerings to the gods.  As the features have never been excavated, it is not possible to say precisely what the nature of the site is at present, but the significance of the remains is reflected in its status as a Scheduled Ancient Monument, protected for future study.


Description:
This former smithy was working in the late 19th and early 20th century.  It was out of use by the mid-20th century.  By the early 21st century, it had been converted into a small art gallery run by its owners, Bill & Pat Thornton.

Comments:
The gallery website is www.oldforgegallery.co.uk


Description:
This attractive lodge stands at the entrance to Cottesmore, beside the A40. It is a small, single storey building, which appears to have been modernised to some degree.  The iron railings and gate at the entrance to the Cottesmore carriage drive are still intact.  The lodge is shown on the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map.  A second carriage drive and gateway, with a possible lodge, is also shown on the 1889 map, some 200 metres further north.  On the 1889 map this second entrance appears to have substantial gate piers and it may have been the main entrance. Today it is used as an access road to the farm at Cottesmore, but the lodge and gate piers have been removed.


Description:
This now lost mansion had origins as the home of the Martin family, who were Haverfordwest tradesmen in the 17th and 18th centuries. The family lived here until the second half of the 19th century but it was bought by Dr. Henry Owen, who was one of the county’s most notable historians and served as the first Treasurer of the National Library of Wales in the early 20th century. During the Second World War the mansion was used by the R.A.F. but left in a state of dereliction which led to its demolition within a few years of the end of the war.  The site has been built over, but traces of the former gardens around the house remain, including a series of fishponds.


Description:
The former control tower for the RAF Haverfordwest airfield, which was operational between 1943 and 1945, has been converted into the office building for Withybush Showground.


Description:
Plas Gwyn, originally known as Park House, was the farmhouse of the  home farm on the Withybush estate.  It is shown on all Ordnance Survey maps since the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawing and stands at one of the most important and visible surviving features of the estate once attached to the now lost Withybush mansion.  It is listed as a good example of a late-Georgian farmhouse.


Description:
This is one of two fishponds here which formed part of the gardens and parkland of the now lost Withybush mansion.  A second, smaller fishpond to the south does not seem to hold water any longer.  Both lie within Withybush Woods, which were also once part of the mansion's grounds.


Description:
Crundale chapel was originally an Independent or Congregational chapel, built in 1837 and rebuilt in 1872 and 1882, modified in 1930.  In modern times it has become a United Reform church cause. It remains open in 2011.


Description:
Crundale chapel has a relatively large graveyard with many gravestones of genealogical interest.


Description:
The Rath is one of the most impressive hillfort sites in Pembrokeshire, its importance increased by the fact that it was reused in Norman times as a castle, known as Symon's Castle, which was key to controlling a large part of central Pembrokeshire.  The earthwork ramparts of the fort are still impressive and dominate the neighbouring landscape from the top of a prominent hill.  It was a bivallate hillfort, and therefore there is a double bank and ditch protecting the interior.  The inner bank stands nearly 3 metres high in places and the ditch over 3 metres deep.  The outer defences are slighter, but the bank is still up to 1.5 metres high. The entrance was in the northeastern side. Overall it is about 150 metres in diameter.  There appears to have been a subdivision of the interior of the fort, and this is thought to represent part of the refortification of the site in Norman times.  A low castle mound or motte is said to exist in the western side of the interior. There also appears to be a roughly rectilinear enclosure just outside the southwestern side of the fort, visible on some aerial photographs, but its purpose and relationship with the site is unknown.


Description:
St Leonard's Chapel stood just outside the entrance to the medieval Symon's Castle.  It was granted to the Knights of St John at Slebech Commandery during the 12th century and named as Capellu Sci. Leonardi de Castro Symonis.  In 1398 the rector of Rudbaxton was given permission to celebrate mass in the chapel. By the mid-19th century only slight ruins remained of the chapel, but these have now disappeared.


Description:
St. Leonard's Well is located close to the site of the now lost St. Leonard's Chapel and just outside the entrance into the medieval Symon's Castle.  The well was restored just before 1915 and today a well-chamber, with a stone arched entrance and an arched niche to the rear, survive here. The well was dry when visited by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust in 2011.


Description:
Prendergast Mill was cotton mill in the 18th century, the only one in Wales at the time.  It was converted into a paper mill in 1816 and eight years later was taken over by the Harvey family, who had extensive experience and interests in paper making. They lived at the mill house, which still stands (PRN 24366, NPRN 22414 and Listed Building number 13037).  There are still some remains of the red-brick mill building to the north of the house, and also a small stone-built bridge (PRN 24367, NPRN 24270 and Listed Building number 13038) which crossed the mill leat when the complex was still working. The remains of the mill leat, which was fed by the Western Cleddau, also survive to the north of the old mill.


Description:
This country house was built around 1840 for Thomas Lloyd, who was the owner of nearby Prendergast Paper Mill.  It is listed as a good example of an early Victorian country house.  Elements of its formal gardens and parkland still survive, including the walled garden.  Glanafon home farm stands nearby to the northeast of the house.


Description:
This stone stands in a pasture field.  It is 1.3 metres high and 1 metres by 0.6 metres thick and leans slightly to the north.  It may be a Bronze Age standing stone, or a more recent cattle rubbing stone set up by a previous landowner.  Nearby to the south are the remains of a group of Second World War buildings, which formed a picket post associated with nearby RAF Haverfordwest.


Description:
Blaenllyn chapel was first built in 1843, restored in 1879 and then rebuilt and extended in 1906.  It is an attractive and well-maintained chapel, which remains in use as a place of worship in 2011.


Description:
Blaenllyn chapel is set in a relatively large burial ground, which extends to the rear of the chapel and has also been extended into a second land parcel to the northeast in modern times. It contains many memorials and gravestones of genealogical interest.


Description:
A standing stone measuring 1.3 metres high and 1 metres by 0.8 metres thick at its base.  It is one of a series of stones in the fields around Blaenllyn and Trehale that are shown on late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps which may be rubbing stones, rather than standing stones.  This example has been scheduled by Cadw as a standing stone, however.

Comments:
There is a bridleway, PP89/2/1 to Trehale Farm which passes the stone just to the northeast.


Description:
A standing stone measuring 1.25 metres high and 0.9 metres by 0.7 metres thick at its base.  It is one of a series of stones in the fields around Blaenllyn and Trehale that are shown on late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps which may be rubbing stones, rather than standing stones.  This example has been scheduled by Cadw as a standing stone, however.

Comments:
There is a bridleway, PP89/2/1 to Trehale Farm which passes the stone just to the southwest.


Description:
In the early 17th century Trehale was recorded as part of the Castle Villa estate of the Scourfield family. In the late 17th century a Dr. Thomas Williams lived here, before he emigrated to America in 1725.  The property passed through several owners down to 1839, when it became the home of the Baptist minister Rev. Theophilus Thomas.  He built the present house in the mid-1840s.  Around the same time, Blaenllyn Baptist Chapel was built nearby, on Trehale land. The outbuildings at Trehale were converted into a complex of self-catering holiday cottages by the early 21st century


Description:
A standing stone measuring 1.7 metres high and 1.1 metres by 0.7 metres thick at its base, leaning slightly to the north-northwest.  It is one of a series of stones in the fields around Blaenllyn and Trehale that are shown on late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps which may be rubbing stones, rather than standing stones.  This example has been scheduled by Cadw as a standing stone, however.


Description:
In 1958 a Bronze Age bronze flat axe-head was acquired by Tenby Museum.  It had been found at Trehale.


Description:
A standing stone measuring 1.2 metres high and 0.8 metres by 0.5 metres thick at its base, leaning slightly to the north-northwest.  It is one of a series of stones in the fields around Blaenllyn and Trehale that are shown on late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps which may be rubbing stones, rather than standing stones.


Description:
A small lodge building at the entrance to the former carriage drive to Trehale House.  The lodge was built in the mid-19th century and has been modernised during the 20th century, remaining in use as a private dwelling to the present day.


Description:
This former standing stone now lies at the edge of the field where it originally stood.  It is said that it was accidentally knocked over by a tractor during the 1960s.  The stone measures almost 3 metres in length and is 1.1 metres by 0.7 metres thick.


Description:
First recorded by I. Gardiner-Wilkinson in 1871, this site was visited by the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in Wales in 1921 and suggested to be a possible ruined chambered tomb or cromlech.  At that time three stones stood here.  One stone was about 2 metres high and positioned 2 metres from a pair of stones which stood about 1.25 metres high and just 60cm apart. It was thought that these may have been the support stones for a lost capstone.  By the early 21st century only one stone still stood here, with a second stone laid flat alongside in the hedgerow.  It is therefore now difficult to verify if the site was indeed a chambered tomb.


Description:
Treddiog has origins as a small medieval manor or Knight’s Fief, but in post medieval times its first records date to the early 17th century, when it was a property of the Scourfield family of New Moat.  It has passed through various owners and by the second half of the 20th century was part of the small Trehale estate, owned by the Thomas family, although they too later sold the property.


Description:
This stone macehead, said to be of Bronze Age type and made of a gritty stone, was found near Trehowell in the mid-20th century.  It has an incomplete hour-glass perforation drilled through the stone.


Description:
This standing stone measures 1.45 metres high, by 0.9 metres by 0.6 metres thick.  The Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in Wales visited the site in 1921 and noted a local tradition that there was once evidence for a cairn around the stone, in the form of a circle of 30 stones, but that this had been removed.  It was speculated that the stone was all that remained of a Neolithic chambered tomb.  There is currently no archaeological evidence to support this suggestion however.


Description:
St Edrin's stands on the site of the medieval parish church, but the building was wholly replaced in 1846 by a new building, including the chancel, nave and tower.  When the site was visited by the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in 1921, few relics of the early church survived. These included the medieval font, made of purple Caer Bwdi stone, and four cross-inscribed stones which are thought to be of probably 9th to 11th century date.  The church was sold into private hands in 1987, for conversion into a private dwelling.

Comments:
The church is now a private dwelling, but public footpath PP89/6/1 passes through the churchyard.


Description:
There were once four cross-inscribed stones kept at St Edrin's church. After the church was closed, the four stones were moved.  Two are now kept at Pembrokeshire Museum, Scolton Manor.  These are a fragment of a 9th to 11th century cross and a complete inscribed cross of 10th to 11th century date (PRNs 4297 & 4294 in the Regional HER).  Another of the stones is kept at Mathry church.  This is a complete Latin cross, with some lettering inscribed on the stone (the symbols for Alpha and Omega, as well as the initials IHC and XPC) (PRN 4295). The fourth stone bears a carving of a "Celtic cross" and  is kept at the offices of the Dyfed Archaeological Trust in Llandeilo, Carmarthenshire (PRN 4296).


Description:
This property his first recorded in 1406 and by the late 16th century was the home of the Meyler family.  The original house has long been demolished and a post-medieval house stands on the site.  According to tradition, there was a treasure hidden in a wall of the old house, and tenants at the farm would occasionally come into money.

Comments:
A public footpath, PP89/7/1, passes through the farm.


Description:
Trerhos was the Welsh name which was given to the medieval manor or Knight’s Fief of Patrick’s Ford. Major Francis Jones records that in the 16th century a blind man was said to have lived at Trerhos.  It is mentioned in a marriage agreement if 1719, between William Allan and Martha Fowler, amongst the properties in a large estate which included three farms and land at Trerhos, as well as nearby Stone Hall mill.  The property passed through many families after the 18th century, including the Edwardes family of Sealyham, who owned in by the early 19th century.


Description:
A searchlight battery was based near Trerhos during the Second World War.  There were seven huts here, all of which have been removed.


Description:
Stonehall Mill was operation throughout the 19th century and seems to have closed by the mid-20th century. It was fed via a mill leat which ran 450 metres from the mill pond, to the west.  The mill buildings are now all ruinous and hidden in woodland, but the mill cottage stands some 200 metres away to the southeast and is now a holiday cottage.


Description:
This Iron Age fortification has been created by constructing two substantial rampart banks, with a ditch cut between them, across the neck of a triangular promontory overlooking the Western Cleddau river.  The resultant defended enclosure uses the steep slopes of the promontory as a defence on its north, east and west sides.  The site measures over 55 metres long, east to west, by up to 35 metres wide.  In the late 19th century, the Pembrokeshire Archaeology Survey recorded that the vicar of St Lawrence had seen Roman tiles recovered from the camp, and there was some speculation that it was the site of a Roman villa. There is no archaeological evidence to support this claim however.


Description:
This attractive parish church retains much of its medieval building fabric, perhaps as much as 80% and is a Grade 2 listed building. It is a simple church, with a nave, chance and south porch and a double bellcote at its western end.  The earliest feature within the church is a partially broken cross-inscribed stone, which is built into the south wall of the chancel.  This stone is thought to date to the 10th to 11th century AD. According to the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in Wales, who visited the church in 1921, St Lawrence's was granted to the Knights of the Order of St. John at Slebech Commandery in 1136, but under the name "Ecclesia de Vado Patricii" (Patrick's Ford Church).  The baptismal font dates to the 12th century. Some restoration of the church has been undertaken over the centuries, and most of the internal fittings, such as the pews, date to the 19th century.


Description:
The parish church is set in a fairly large churchyard which has many memorials and gravestones of genealogical interest.


Description:
The earliest feature within the church is a partially broken cross-inscribed stone, which is built into the south wall of the chancel.  This stone is thought to date to the 10th to 11th century AD.


Description:
In the mid-15th century, Stone Hall is known to have been the residence of descendants of Gwynfardd Dyfed, one of the Welsh princes of southwest Wales around the time of the Norman conquest.  The property passed to the powerful Wogan family of Wiston, by marriage, during the early 17th century, when the heiress Dorothy Wogan married William Ford, without her mother’s consent. The Ford family were settled at Stone Hall and remained there until 1793. In later times it passed through the hands of many owners as a residence , but in 1985 was converted into a hotel and restaurant.


Description:
This polished flint axe-head was found near Newhouse before 1840.  It is now kept at Tenby museum.


Description:
This chapel was first built in 1862 and rebuilt in 1875 and 1924.  It remains in use as a place of worship in 2011.  The open-air baptistery is located within the chapel burial ground.


Name:
NODDFA NEWTON BAPTIST CHAPEL BURIAL GROUND

Description:
Noddfa graveyard has many memorials and gravestones of genealogical interest. The open air baptistery is also found here.


Description:
This former smithy is now in a very derelict condition, but is a Listed Building by virtue of its construction using partial "cob-walling" (earth walling).  It is not shown on the 1833 Ordnance Survey map and therefore would appear to have its origins in the mid-19th century. It seems to have fallen out of use as a smithy by the early 20th century and was converted into a cowhouse for an adjacent cottage known as Gwynfa, which has been demolished.


Description:
Hayscastle school was opened in the mid-19th century.  It became a county primary school in the late 20th century but was closed in 2010.


Description:
A modern memorial consisting of a monolith with a slate plaque affixed to one side bearing the names of five local men who died during the First World War and two who died during the Second World War.


Description:
This apparently disused baptistery is found within a walled enclosure to the west of the main road.  It is shown on Ordnance Survey maps since 1889, but never annotated.  It seems likely that it was originally the baptistery for Noddfa Newton Baptist chapel, which is some 800 metres to the north-northwest.  The chapel now has a baptistery within its attached burial ground and this earlier baptistery seems to have fallen out of use during the 20th century but remains in good condition. It is concrete lined and still holds some water.


Description:
This small military camp was founded early during the Second World War and was a joint RAF and WAAF camp, apparently associated with the nearby RAF Hayscastle Cross Radar Station, the masts of which were located 1.5km to the southwest.  This camp had 25 structures, which included barrack buildings.  Most of these had been demolished by the end of the 20th century, although the concrete foundation slabs of most buildings are still visible on early 21st century aerial photographs.

Comments:
Details of RAF Hayscastle Cross can be found online at http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/fludegenealogy/RAF_Hayscastle/RAF_Hayscastle.htm and also on the Subterranea Britannica website - http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/sites/h/hayscastle_cross/index.shtml


Description:
A mid-20th century aerial photograph held by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust shows the outline of a long ploughed-out Iron Age defended enclosure here.  The crop-mark of the defensive ditch is visible , defining an enclosure which measures approximately 60 metres in diameter. Slight earthworks are also visible on the ground, marking the line of the defensive bank which stood inside the line of the ditch.


Description:
In a pasture field 350 metres south-southwest of Stonehall a large stone slab, measuring 4 metres long, 2 metres wide and 0.4 metres thick has been recorded by the Ordnance Survey (1966).  At that time one end of the stone was propped up by a second, prostrate slab.  Traces of a possible mound, 24 metres in diameter were also noted.  The identification of these features as a ruined Neolithic chambered tomb or cromlech has not been verified and therefore it is still uncertain as to whether the stones are of archaeological significance.


Description:
This site has been greatly denuded by centuries of agricultural activity and the rampart bank and defensive ditch which define the enclosure are now barely visible on the ground.  Aerial photographs suggest that the single bank and ditch protect the eastern side of the enclosure, with the western side protected by the natural valley slope that descends steeply to a stream on that side.  The enclosure is therefore roughly oval in shape and measures, overall, 50 metres east to west by 35 metres north to south.


Description:
This  motte is all that is now visible of a medieval castle built here during the 12th century.  There is no longer any surface evidence of a bailey enclosure associated with the motte.  The mound measures 4 metres in height and is 36 metres in diameter, surrounded by traces of a defensive ditch.


Description:
This attractive, simple parish church consists of a nave and chancel, with a single bellcote at its western gable end.  The building is thought to be of 12th century date originally, but was restored during the 1860s and had stained glass windows inserted in 1928.

Comments:
The church building is accessible during the summer months.


Name:
ST. MARY'S PARISH CHURCHYARD, HAYSCASTLE

Description:
St Mary's church stands in a relatively large, rectangular churchyard, with relatively few gravestones now standing.  The main entrance gate is dated 1928.


Description:
The RAF Hayscastle Cross Radar Station was established in 1940 as part of the radar network designed to defend the country from aerial attack.  Hayscastle was specifically intended to watch St George's Channel, between Wales and the neutral Irish Republic. The installation was maintained into the Cold War period, but eventually closed and demolished in 1958 and the land sold off in 1959.  Most of the structures and masts were demolished at this time and today only some of the concrete mast bases survive and a few other structures.  An associated small military camp where service personnel were based was located 1.5km to the northeast.


Description:
This round barrow lies in the corner of a farmed field and has evidently been worn down by ploughing over several centuries.  Nevertheless, it survives as a recognisable mound, about 20 metres in diameter and 0.7 metres high.


Name:
BRIMASTON HALL CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHAPEL

Description:
Brimaston chapel was built in 1828. In the late 20th century the chapel was converted into two dwellings.


Name:
BRIMASTON HALL CALVINISTIC METHODIST CHAPEL BURIAL GROUND

Description:
The graveyard to the former Brimaston chapel now lies to the rear of private houses and appears to have been reduced in size since the closure of the chapel and its conversion into houses.  There still appear to be burial monuments present however.


Description:
Brimaston Hall is a minor country residence which appears to have been in existence by the late 18th century. In 1785 a Thomas Harries of Brimaston Hall was gamekeeper to the Ford's of Stonehall.  It was still occupied in 2011.


Description:
This large round barrow was described as a "rifled tumulus" by the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments in Wales after they visited it in 1920. It was last measured by the Ordnance Survey in 1966 and said to be 29 metres in diameter and1.3 metres high, but noted as being mutilated by that time.  The site has been fenced off and become overgrown with gorse in modern times and therefore its  condition has not been reassessed, although it is thought to be very denuded.


Description:
A large standing stone, which is 2.4 metres high and measures 1.3 metres wide by 1 metre thick at its base.


Description:
This damaged round barrow is found in an overgrown strip of land at the roadside.  It is now difficult to examine due to vegetation cover, but it is said to measure about 32 metres in diameter and stand up to 2 metres high (RCAHMW).  It seems that excavations at this barrow in the 19th century uncovered evidence of a cremation burial, made in a food vessels, accompanied by an urn. A dwelling was built across part of the site during the 20th century.


Description:
This former corn mill appears on the Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawing of 1810 and was still shown as a working corn mill on the 1889 and 1907 Ordnance Survey maps.  It was powered by water from the Brandy Brook. The mill buildings have now seemingly all disappeared and the site is occupied by the Brandy Brook Caravan Park.


Description:
This round barrow is now (2011) hidden beneath a thick cover of gorse, bracken and brambles.  The RCAHMW have recorded it as measuring 20 metres in diameter and 1 metre high.  A concrete triangulation pillar stands on top of the barrow, but this too is usually hidden by the vegetation.


Description:
The two round barrows here are both denuded.  The western barrow lies within a farmed field and has been affected by many years of ploughing and land management.  It is now only 0.3 metres high and has been spread to a diameter of 30 metres.  The eastern barrow is in better condition, standing in the corner of an adjacent field.  It is still 2 metres high, by 30 metres in diameter.  It has been affected by a badger sett however.

Comments:
The individual PRNs within the Dyfed HER for these barrows are 2425 & 2424.  The RCAHMW record them in the National Monuments Record as NPRNs 305238 & 305237.


Description:
These two round barrows stand close to Plumstone Rock, on top of Plumstone Mountain. The southern barrow has been damaged by vehicles, but measures 1 metre high by 12 metres in diameter.  The northern barrow measures 1.3 metres high, by 17 metres in diameter and is in better condition.

Comments:
The individual PRNs within the Dyfed HER for these barrows are 2427 & 2428.  The RCAHMW record them in the National Monuments Record as NPRNs 305240 & 305239.


Description:
During the mid-19th century a polished chert axe-head was found in a bog on Plumstone Mountain.  The axe is now kept at Tenby Museum.


Description:
This round barrow measures 22 metres in diameter by 0.5 metres high.  It lies in a pasture field and is visible from the road to the east.


Description:
This univallate, oval enclosure measures about 90 metres northeast to southwest, by 60 metres.  It still has a substantial rampart, up 1.6 metres high on interior side, and over 3 metres on the exterior side.  There is no evidence of a ditch outside the rampart, which is now topped by a hedgerow, as the enclosure is part of the modern field system. An entrance through the southern side of the enclosure leads into an apparent rectilinear annexe, which may be contemporary and appears to measure as much as 70 metres long by 30 metres wide. The RCAHMW described this annexe as being "indistinct" in 1921, although it does still retain a bank which stands up to 1 metre high.

Comments:
This site may be visible from a bridleway to the south.


Description:
A stone axe-head reputedly found near Causeway Farm, but there is some doubt about this.  It is made of a rough-textured grey green rock and measures 10cm by 5 cm. The artefact is now kept at the Pembrokeshire County Museum.


Description:
This sub-rectilinear enclosure is visible on aerial photographs.  It measures up to 45 metres east to west by up to 35 metres north to south.  A post medieval boundary bank runs across the enclosure, which indicates that it must have fallen out of use at least several centuries ago.


Description:
Leweston is a large, modern farm which has origins as “Llewelyn’s Tun” in the medieval period.  It was a property of the Earl of Pembroke in the early 14th century. The present farmhouse is a 17th century building and it was the home of a Bowen family in the 18th century and, from the late 18th century until the early 20th century the Fortune family lived here. Elements of the formal gardens and parkland that surrounded the house in the 19th century undoubtedly survive, although most have now fallen out of use, such as the large fishpond which was found to the north-northwest of the dwelling.


Description:
A cottage called Leweston Old Mill is shown here on the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map, but at that time there was no evidence that it was in use as a mill.  The cottage disappeared during the 20th century and the area has become a small forest plantation.


Description:
The historian William Rees records an ecclesiastical chapel near Leweston on his map of South Wales and the Borders in the 14th century (Ordnance Survey, 1932).  The parish tithe survey names the field as "Old Chapel" and it is thought possible that the medieval site referred to by Rees may have been located here. A farmstead which stands a short distance to the south is called Chapel Hill.  The Dyfed Archaeological Trust have recorded that a levelled, rectangular platform is found in the woodland here, cut into the north-facing slope to the south of a minor stream. Whether this is the site of an unrecorded medieval chapel is not known.  The RCAHM found no evidence for a chapel here in 1920.


Description:
An axe-hammer was reportedly found at Causeway Farm c.1953..  It was donated to Pembrokeshire County Museum.


Description:
A denuded round barrow, worn down by centuries of ploughing but still standing up to 1 metre high and measuring over 35 metres in diameter.


Description:
There are now two farms named Dudwell and East Dudwell at the site of an ancient holding which was a possession of the Earl of Pembroke in the early 14th century.  The prominent Tancred family were at West Dudwell by the 1450s.  West Dudwell passed through marriage to the Warlow family by the late 18th century, after being the home of the Tancreds for 11 generations. During late medieval times four generations of the Barrett family lived at Dudwell, presumably East Dudwell, eventually marrying into the Tancred family.  By the late 18th century, East Dudwell was owned by Haverfordwest Corporation.


Description:
This farm stands on the site of the seat of the Robelyn or Roblin family who are recorded as being landowners in the area as early as the mid-13th century. Their descendents were the Bowen family of Roblinston, who later lived at Wolfsdale and Camrose House.  When Richard Fenton visited Roblinston in the first years of the 19th century, he found the ruined shell of a large country house, of early 16th century date. In his opinion the house had never been occupied or completed as the Bowen’s had decided to move to Wolfsdale.  The present house is of 19th century date and replaced the old ruin.


Description:
This unusually large stone axe-head was found during ploughing during the late 20th century.  It is roughly hewn from a grey or blue-grey stone and measured 35 centimetres in length and up to 10 centimetres long.  It is now kept at Pembrokeshire County Museum.


Description:
This was one of two board schools opened in Camrose parish in 1874 (the other being Camrose (South) at Portfield gate.  The school closed in 1973 and the building was thereafter converted into a private dwelling. The records for this school dating from 1874 until 1973 are kept at Pembrokeshire Record Office.


Description:
Wolfsdale Mill is now shown on the 1810 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings or the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.  It is shown as a working mill on the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey first edition map but the mill building appears to be empty by the time of the 1907 second edition of the map.  The mill itself has now disappeared, but the mill house remains standing and in use as a private house.


Description:
Wolfsdale was famously the location where Llywelyn the Great, Prince of Wales met Bishop Iorwerth of St. David’s in 1217, during a military campaign into Pembrokeshire. By the 1620s the Bowen family, formerly of Roblinston, had made Wolfsdale their seat.  Major Francis Jones records an old manor house here in his “Historic Houses of Pembrokeshire”.  It is now part of a large, modern farmstead.


Description:
Bethel Chapel was first opened in 1827, after the congregation had spent several years meeting in local farms and cottages.  It was rebuilt in 1884 and 1900.  In 1904, land was granted by Wolfsdale House for a burial ground, and a Manse was added in 1905.  The chapel was  restored in 1950 and remains open as a place of worship in 2011.

Comments:
A brief history of the chapel can be found online at www.landskerpastorate.co.uk/our-churches.html


Description:
A small burial ground is located to the east or rear of Bethel Chapel, in a detached land parcel, 50 metres away.  It was opened in 1904, the land being granted by the owner of nearby Wolfsdale House.


Description:
A leaf-shaped flint arrowhead was found in this field in 1966 and donated to Pembrokeshire County Museum.


Description:
Rosemary Rath has been badly damaged by agricultural activity over a prolonged period, although a significant event was the levelling of some of the surviving earthworks by a bulldozer in 1965.  The enclosure has been divided by a post medieval field boundary, with about 20% of the monument to the east of this boundary and preserved in a better condition that the larger part of the monument to the west of the boundary.  Only a low bank is now visible in the western portion of the enclosure, forming the sweep of the southern side of the defences.  It would appear that the enclosure was about 65 metres in diameter, but it is not clear what defences protected the northern side of the monument, where there is no surface evidence for a bank. On this side it is possible that a palisade stood along the edge of the scarp at the top of the slope which falls away northwards to Camrose Brook.


Description:
This corn mill appears on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map, but had vanished from the landscape by the time of the 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map.


Description:
Two flint scrapers were found in a ploughed field near Long Island in 1965.  They were thought to be of Neolithic and Bronze Age date.  A later visit found more flint flakes in the same field, suggesting prehistoric activity here.


Description:
Keeston Castle is among the largest hillforts in Pembrokeshire and stands in a pasture field, on a prominent rise to the west of Keeston village.  The monument is composed of a relatively small inner enclosure, which is protected by two ramparts and ditches, the banks standing up to 1.7 metres high. This enclosure measures about 70 metres in diameter internally, and about 140 metres in diameter if the ramparts and ditches are included.  A third, substantial earthwork rampart bank encircles this inner enclosure, creating a much larger enclosed area, over 275 metres in diameter.  The northern half of the hillfort is relatively well preserved and post medieval hedgerows have been planted along the line of some of the rampart banks.  The southern half has been far more affected by later agricultural activity, and the banks here are lower, grassy features, the southeastern part of the defences being particularly difficult to interpret. There is no evidence of an entrance into the fort.  Just to the south of the inner enclosure, there is another oval, earthwork enclosure which may in fact represent a second defended enclosure.  This feature would appear to have been built later and may well sit on the line of the outer bank of the main hillfort, although the relationship between these features is difficult to assess at present.


Description:
Keeston chapel was first built as a Congregational or Independent chapel in 1787. It was rebuilt in 1799 and 1856.  Renovation was undertaken in 1881. By the late 20th century the chapel had joined the United Reform Church. It remains in use as a place of worship in 2011 and is an attractive feature in the village landscape.


Name:
KEESTON CONGREGATIONAL CHAPEL, BURIAL GROUND

Description:
A small burial ground is located to the rear of Keeston chapel and has gravestones and monuments of genealogical interest.


Description:
In the late 19th century the overgrown ruins of three detached buildings in Keeston were described by the Pembrokeshire Archaeological Survey as being the possible location of the ancient home of the Keating family, who were said to have given their name to the village. Within two decades these ruins had all but vanished and the RCAHM found little remaining when they visited the site in 1920.  According to tradition the house was used as a pilgrim’s hospice during medieval times, for pilgrims on their way to St. David’s.


Description:
This cemetery first appears on the 1972 Ordnance Survey map and appears to have been founded shortly beforehand.  It may have some genealogical interest.


Description:
This attractive church hall was built in 1883 in memory of Katherine Lewis of Henllan, Llanddewi Velfry, who was the daughter of Hugh Webb Bowen on Camrose House.  A commemorative inscription is mounted on the external front wall. The building was closed and in a poor condition in 2011.


Description:
Camrose parish church is thought to originate in the 13th century, although it is dedicated to the Celtic St. Ishmael, who is a pre-Norman figure.  The nave and chancel are thought to be 14th century and the tower dates to the 15th century.  The church was extensively restored by the architect J.P Seddons in 1883.  A fire in 2000 damaged the roof of the nave, which has been repaired.  In 2002 an early medieval inscribed stone was noted by Dr Nancy Edwards, built into the wall near the chancel arch.


Description:
This chapel was originally built in 1838 and rebuilt in 1876. There is an outdoor baptistery in front of the chapel and a burial ground to the rear.


Name:
LEBANON BAPTIST CHAPEL BURIAL GROUND, CAMROSE

Description:
A small burial ground is located to the rear of Lebanon chapel and has gravestones and monuments of genealogical interest.


Description:
This is a motte and bailey castle, presumably of 12th century date, which lies immediately south of Camrose village.  The castle motte survives to a height of nearly 5 metres and is 34 metres in diameter at its base.  By the late 19th century it had been landscaped as a garden feature or viewing platform for nearby Camrose House, with a spiral walkway ascending the mound and yew trees planted at its summit.  A post medieval road runs just to the northern side of the motte, detaching it from its bailey enclosure, which now lies to the north of the road. Both parts of the site are protected as a Scheduled Ancient Monument.


Description:
Camrose Mill was a working corn mill which appears to have survived into the first half of the 20th century.  By the early 21st century it had been restored as a holiday cottage, but still retaining its water wheel and machinery.  It is thought to be of 16th century date in origin, although the standing building is probably late 18th or early 19th century in date.


Description:
Camrose House is a fine, three-storey Georgian mansion, built in the 18th century just to the south of Camrose castle motte.  It was occupied by the Bowen family, who had lived in the parish since the 14th century according to Major Francis Jones.  Hugh Webb Bowen was in residence at Camrose House when Richard Fenton visited in the early 19th century. After a period of use as a country Club in the late 20th century, the house was again returned to use as a private dwelling. The house still stands today, now mainly used as a holiday let, and is a listed building, as are many of its outbuildings. Elements of the formal gardens and parkland that were created in Georgian and Victorian times also survive, including the driveway, a rhododendron arch and also the medieval castle motte, which was transformed into a viewing platform by earlier owners of the property.  Some 550 metres to the southeast of the mansion is Camrose Home Farm, which was built to serve the estate in the early 19th century.  Most of its buildings are listed, including a rare example of a 19th century octagonal horse-gin building.


Description:
Cleddau Lodge is said to have been built in the early 19th century, c.1815, for the Cory Marychurch family of Cardiff as a hunting, shooting and fishing lodge. They were possibly relatives of Joseph Marychurch of Haverfordwest, who owned the Bridge Street foundry in Haverfordwest in the mid-19th century and died in 1885.  Elements of the garden and parkland landscape around the house still survive.  In 2010 the house separately from its outbuildings and most of the 30 acre estate which had survived until that time.


Description:
This rural pub was a cottage known a "Old Inn" on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map, although it is not shown as a public house on maps until the late 1960s.  It remains in use in 2011.


Description:
Early 19th century maps show a building at this location. On the 1889 Ordnance Survey map a cottage called New Inn is shown here, although it is not labelled as a Public House or Beer House.  On the 1907 Ordnance Survey map the building is identified as a Public House, but now named Hill Arms.  Later maps show it as a dwelling named Hill Arms, but no longer as a public house.  The building alongside the former turnpike road between St Davids and Haverfordwest and it is quite conceivable that the New Inn was opened in the early 19th century to serve travellers along this route.  There is now a private dwelling on the site.


Description:
This was one of two board schools opened in Camrose parish in 1874 (the other being Camrose (North).  The school closed in 1973 and the building was thereafter converted into a community centre. The records for this school dating from 1874 until 1973 are kept at Pembrokeshire Record Office.


Description:
Formerly known as the Cross Inn, this public house opened alongside the turnpike road to St Davids during the 19th century.  It remains open in 2011 and now has a restaurant and B&B facility added.


Description:
This Iron Age enclosure had already been virtually ploughed out by the time it was described by the RCAHMW in 1925, when its surviving earthwork bank stood only "two feet high" at best.  The site was revisited by the Dyfed Archaeological Trust in 2006 and no surface remains could be identified in the freshly ploughed field.  The enclosure is still visible on modern aerial photographs however, and measures about 75 metres east to west by 45 metres north to south.  It is oval in shape. It is possible that the site still has archaeological potential despite the loss of surface features.


Description:
Walesland Rath was completely excavated in 1967-1968 and the foundations of several Iron Age roundhouses and other structures were uncovered.  There was also a considerable amount of Romano-British pottery found here, and evidence for iron smelting on the site, which indicated that it had remained in occupation after the Roman conquest.  Medieval and Post Medieval pottery was also found within the enclosure, showing it had been reused in much later times. The site was levelled after the excavation and today Walesland Rath is only visible as a cropmark on aerial photographs.  Even so, it is one of the most important excavated sites in Wales.


Description:
This small, oval enclosure measures just over 50 metres in diameter and was protected by a single bank and ditch. It has been ploughed over centuries and the banks are now no more than 0.3 metres high.


Description:
This univallate enclosure is situated in a pasture field and survives as a low earthwork, with the denuded bank and ditch still visible.  Overall, the enclosure measures about 60 metres in diameter.  In the field to the west, the Dyfed Archaeological Trust has suggested that there may be traces of an Iron Age field system, visible on mid-20th century aerial photographs.


Description:
This relatively large, oval enclosure sits on a natural promontory, and is protected on its east and south sides by steep slopes, with an earthwork rampart defending the north and west sides.  It measures over 80 metres by about 65 metres and the rampart still stand up to 1 metre high, with a slight ditch still traceable outside the bank.


Description:
Cuckoo Mill is not shown as a working mill on any Ordnance Survey map from the 19th century, although the mill leat is evident on the 1889 1:2500 map, but apparently out of use by that time.  This is now a working farm.


Description:
This small parish church is a simple structure, with a chancel and nave and single bellcote.  It was restored in the late 19th century, when new windows were added, but much of the building fabric may be medieval. It has speculated that the oval churchyard signifies that the church has pre-Norman origins, as does the dedication to the Celtic saint Ishmael. The church sits on a low hillock.


Name:
ST. ISHMAEL'S PARISH CHURCHYARD, LAMBSTON

Description:
Lambston church stands in the middle of a small, oval parish churchyard, which occupies a low hillock.  A wall has been constructed around the circumference of this hillock to define the churchyard.  There are gravestones and monuments of genealogical interest found here.


Description:
Sutton Baptist chapel was first built in 1839 and rebuilt in 1870.  It was renovated in 1884 and again during the 20th century.  It is still in use as a place of worship in 2011.


Description:
Sutton chapel stands in a large burial ground, which has been extended eastwards since the early 20th century.  The earlier burials lie to the north and west of the chapel. There are gravestones and memorials of genealogical interest here.


Description:
This graveyard was created in the late 17th century for the Quaker congregation of Haverfordwest.  In 1920, the RCAHMW visited the site and noted that a plaque dated 1661 had been placed at the entrance, presumably to signify the year in which the plot had first been used. The graveyard itself is a square enclosure, defined by earth banks, topped by beech trees and measuring roughly 20 metres square internally.  It was approached by a beech avenue, about 80 metres long, from the west-southwest.  Some gravestones are still visible.


Description:
East Hook is mentioned as Nesshooke as early as 1624 in a marriage deed, when one Thomas Wilkyn lived here.  The present house dates to the late 18th or early 19th century and is in the Georgian style.  It was a well-appointed country residence during the 19th century, when it was the home of a branch of the Lort-Phillips family, who owned it until 1920.  It is now the farmhouse on a working farm.

Comments:
The farm and B&B have a website which is www.easthookfarmhouse.co.uk


Description:
The Rising Sun has been serving the local community since the second half of the 19th century.  It is not shown on the 1831 Ordnance Survey map.  The pub is still open in 2011 and has now added a restaurant and caravan park and campsite.


Description:
A Type 24 concrete pillbox dating to the Second World War stands at the roadside and is visible though the hedge.


Description:
During the Second World War a searchlight battery was positioned here, helping protect Haverfordwest.  There were 12 Nissen Huts and three embanked searchlight positions here, but these have all been removed.


Description:
The medieval borough of Haverfordwest had 1000 acres of common land between the town and Portfield


Name:
PORTFIELD GATE WESLEYAN METHODIST CHAPEL

Description:
This Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in 1835 and closed by 1991 and converted into an undertaker's store.  It is in a semi-derelict state in 2011.


Description:
Temperness or Temperaunce was a small monastic grange during medieval times, in the hands of Haverfordwest Priory.  Following the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the 1530s the land here was sold into private hands and thereafter managed as a farm, bordering on the commons of Haverfordwest town. During the 1630s it was farmed by Morris Canon, a prominent figure in Haverfordwest in his day. The name survives to the present day at Big Temperness and Little Temperness farms, Portfield Gate.


Description:
The name of this property suggests that it was an inn during the 19th century, although it is not labelled as a public house on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map and had presumably closed by that time.


Description:
This was an inn during the late 19th century and into the 1970s. It is not shown on the 1979 Ordnance Survey map and is now a private house.


Description:
The Moravians are an evangelical Protestant movement, which originated in Bohemia. They built their only chapel in Wales at Portfield Gate in 1773.  Bishop John Gambold, one of its early pastors, was a son of William Gambold, the Rector of Puncheston. He is buried alongside the site of the chapel, which was demolished in the 1960s and is now the site of Moravian Court.


Description:
A burnt mound or cooking hearth was noted here in 1911 by T.C. Cantrill. A mound of charcoal and burnt stone was seen at the time.


Description:
A small subrectangular earthwork enclosure, 50 metres by 40 metres, on a south facing slope.  The earthworks are now very denuded and lie in inproved pasture.


Description:
Keeston Grange was a possession of Pill Priory in the later mediaeval period.


Description:
RAF Haverfordwest opened on 10 November 1942 for reconnaissance training.  It continued in this role until mid 1944 when it became a base for delivering aircraft and carrying out repairs.  At the beginning of 1945 it again was in use for photographic reconnaissance but closed on 22nd November 1945.  For several years it lay disused but was re-opened in 1952 for commercial flights from Haverfordwest to Cardiff  The airfield is still in use today for recreational flights and training lessons.


Description:
Woodstock was the home of Hywel Fychan, a descendant of Cadifor Fawr of Blaencych at the start of the 14th century. His sons took the surname Howell. John Howell of Woodstock followed his father as the occupant of Woodstock. His grandson Richard Howell was appointed Constable of Pembroke Castle in 1390.  The influential Perrot family owned Woodstock in later medieval times, acquiring the property through marriage, and were succeeded by a branch of the equally influential Philipps family of Picton Castle, who were here by the early 17th century. In more recent times Woodstock has divided into several farmsteads.


Description:
Castlebythe was home to a branch of the Phillipps family of Picton by the middle of the 16th century. This family married into the Lloyds of Cilciffeth, but the last of the Phillipps family of Castlebythe had died by the end of the 17th century. A branch of the Lloyds of Cilciffeth lived close by at Lower Castlebythe during the same period.  Both properties have survived as working farms to the present day.


Description:
Colston was the home was the home of the Voyle family during the 16th century. The Symmons family lived here during the 17th century and in 1670 the homestead was assessed at three hearths. The Symmons family were still here during the 18th century but by the end of the century Land Tax records show that four farms at Colston were part of the Llanstinian estate of William Knox. The 1831 Ordnance Survey map names the property as Old Coldstone and it was known as Coldstone on the 1889 Ordnance Survey map.


Description:
This was the home of members of the Symmons family of nearby Colston during the 17th century and their descendants were here until the early 19th century. They were followed by the Williams family until the early 20th century.  By the end of the 20th century the dwelling appears to have been derelict, although a collection of modern farm buildings were still in use around the farmyard.


Description:
Summerton is recorded as the home of one James ap Rees as early as 1594. A small country mansion was later built here but this had declined by the late 19th century. It is shown as Summerton House on late 19th century Ordnance Survey maps.  The house was a large farmhouse by this time.  By the 21st century the dwelling seems to have been reduced in size, compared to that shown on earlier maps.  Summerton House was also known as East Summerton, distinct from the neighbouring property known as Summerton Farm.


Description:
Newton Hall has origins in medieval times as the focus of the small manor of Newton.  This became part of the Little Trefgarn estate in the 17th century. It was a small country residence thereafter, and by the late 20th century was home to the Higgon family, formerly of Scolton Manor. Newton is a working farm in the early 21st century.


Description:
Lower Haythog was the site of the ancient homestead of Haythog which is known to have been the residence of a Barrett family during the late 14th and early 15th century.  They were followed by the Suttons, including Lewis Sutton who was killed in his home in 1506.  His wife Gwenllian was the daughter of Sir Rhys ap Thomas, the Carmarthenshire nobleman and descendant of the Princes of Deheubarth who was instrumental in organising the Welsh army of Henry Tudor for his march to Bosworth in 1485. By the 17th century a branch of the Philipps family of Picton Castle resided here, including the Royalist William Philipps who became M.P. for Haverfordwest in 1660. In 1670 Haythog was assessed as having 10 hearths, indicating that it was a substantial country residence by West Walian standards. The Philipps family were here until the mid-19th century, after which the house became a substantial farmhouse.


# LBs_5km

NAME:
LODGE TO MAESMAWR HALL (INCLUDING GATE PIERS), B 4392 MAESMAWR ROAD (N SIDE), MAESMAWR

ImpactComment:
The blades of the proposed turbine would be visible above the roofline of the lodge from the elevated public road to the east. The ZTV indicates that the turbine would not be visible to hub height from this position and conifers and mature woodland on intervening high ground would also screen the turbine to some extent.  It is possible that only the blade tips would be visible.

The views from the southeast and the east-southeast are the key views of the building and trees adjacent to the lodge would block the turbine in these views. The turbine would not affect views from more acute angles from the public road, such as the northeast or southeast.  The lodge itself would block views of the turbine from the lower-lying carriage drive which enters the parkland.

Setting:
This lodge was built in the 1860s or 1870s at the eastern entrance into the parkland of the Maesmawr estate. It remains occupied as a dwelling.


NAME:
MALDWYN, HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
WATERLOO HOUSE, INCLUDING FORMER COTTAGE TO RIGHT.  HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
WATERLOO COTTAGE, (FORMERLY WATERLOO VIEW), HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
THE OLD POST OFFICE, HIGH STREET (SE SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
HOUSE ADJOINING THE OLD POST OFFICE AT THE N END.  HIGH STREET (SE SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
SUNDIAL TO SW OF TOWER AT CHURCH OF ST TYSILIO, HIGH STREET, MEIFOD VILLAGE.


NAME:
TY MAWR, HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
FOUNTAIN AT THE FRONT OF ALDWYN HOUSE, HIGH STREET, (N SIDE, MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
ROSE VILLA, HIGH STREET (N SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
GER-Y-NANT (BROOK HOUSE), ROAD TO PENTRE (SW SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE

ImpactComment:
Mature trees and buildings to the south of the house would block views towards the proposed turbine. The development would not impact on views of the house or its village setting.

Setting:
An early 19th century roadside dwelling in Meifod village which remains occupied. An extension to the north side of the building has served as a butchers and post office in the past.


NAME:
TY BACH AT CEUNANT FARMHOUSE, A495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
OUTBUILDING TO FRONDEG, A 495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN

ImpactComment:
The ZTV shows that only the blade tips of the proposed turbine would be visible at a distance, causing only a Very Low, indirect, visual impact. It is possible that intervening woodland on high ground could block views of the turbine completely. The turbine would not impact on views of the building or affect its setting.

Setting:
This late 18th century outbuilding stands between the house at Frondeg and the road which passes to the southwest. It is a three storey building, with the ground floor at the height of the road,  stables on the first storey at the level of the access lane to Frondeg, with living quarters for an ostler in the second storey.


NAME:
STABLES AND COACH-HOUSES AT PEN-Y-LAN HALL, WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIARTH HILL


NAME:
'L'-SHAPED RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS, INCLUDING A DOVECOTE AT PEN-Y-LAN HALL, WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIART


NAME:
Pont-y-Ffatri (partley in Llangyniew Community)

LOCATION:
Carrying the road east from Pontrobert to Mathrafal over the Afon Efyrnwy, about 1.5 km east of Pontrobert.

ImpactComment:
Mature deciduous trees growing alongside the bridge would block views of the turbine from the bridge. The turbine would not affect key views of the bridge or its essential setting as a crossing over the Efyrnwy.

Setting:
This stone bridge was built in the 1830s and carries a public road across the Efyrnwy river. It is not shown on the Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings of 1829 or the Ordnance Survey's 1 inch to 1 mile scale map of 1836, but does appear on the 1838 Meifod parish tithe map (Teirtreff hamlet). It remains in use today.


NAME:
DYFFRYN FARMHOUSE, (INCLUDING RAILINGS, DWARF WALLS AND GATE PIERS AT SPLAYED ENTRANCE), A 495 (NW S

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the south of the farmhouse and dominate views in that direction. It is possible that the top of the turbine would be visible in the distance above the roofline of the largest shed, but it would only cause a minimal visual impact, with no impact on key views of the house or its setting.

Setting:
This farmhouse has 17th century origins and the original dwelling, a timber-framed building, still stands. It is now fronted by a 19th century wing which has the appearance of a separate, stone-built house, to its southeastern side, but the two houses are in fact connected and used as a single dwelling.


NAME:
COWHOUSE AND GRANARY ON W SIDE OF FARMYARD AT DYFFRYN FARM, A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFRYN

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the south of this building and dominate views in that direction. It is possible that the top of the turbine would be visible in the distance above the roofline of these sheds, but it would only cause a minimal visual impact, with no impact on key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
A 17th century timber-framed, brick-walled farm outbuilding at the southwestern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century large agricultural sheds have been added to the northeast, southeast and southwest, disrupting the original setting of the building.


NAME:
COWHOUSE FORMING N SIDE OF FARMYARD, AT DYFFRYN FARM.  A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFRYN

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the southeast of this building and a contemporary cowhouse ad granary also stands to its southern side. These structures block views to the south generally from this location.  The proposed turbine would not be visible from here and would not impact on key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
A 17th century timber-framed, brick-walled farm outbuilding at the northwestern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century large agricultural sheds have been added to the south, southeast and southwest, disrupting the original setting of the building.


NAME:
STONE BUILDING AND CALF HOUSE, AT THE E SIDE OF THE FARMYARD, AT DYFFRYN FARM, A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFR

ImpactComment:
A large, modern agricultural shed stand to the southeast of this building and would block views to the south generally from this location.  The proposed turbine would therefore not be visible from here and would not impact on key views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
A 17th century stone-built farm outbuilding at the northeastern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century a large agricultural shed have been added to the southeastern end of the building, which has either been incorporated into the new structure or lost. This shed dramatically changes the farmyard setting of the listed building and blocks views towards the road and valley to the southeast.


NAME:
MALTHOUSE AND GRANARY AT PENTRE'R GOF, INCLUDING LEAN-TO ON W, PENTRE

ImpactComment:
The modern farm buildings which surround the old malthouse and granary have dramatically altered its setting and would also block any view of the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This 17th century building was one of the original farmyard outbuildings which stood to the south of Pentre'r Gof house, alongside the access lane to the dwelling. In modern times it has been incorporated into a group of large, abutting farm sheds.


LOCATION:
Located in the road verge, approximately 100m west of the driveway to Rhôs fawr farm.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible in the distance, but would be behind anyone viewing the milestone, which can only be appreciated looking south. The turbine would therefore not impact the key view of the stone or its roadside setting.

Setting:
This milestone is a sandstone pillar, erected by the Montgomeryshire Turnpike Trust in the late 18th century. It marks the distances 6 miles to Welshpool, and 1 mile to Llanfair Caereinion. It remains in situ at the southern side of the road.


LOCATION:
Bridge over tributary of River Banwy at eastern boundary of parish, carrying B4385 road, 3km E of Llanfair Caereinion Church.


LOCATION:
The church is set at the centre of the nucleated village, in the sub-rectangular former bailey of the castle, with a motte at the N corner.  The motte is a scheduled ancient monument,  6/2203/Mg117.


NAME:
Sundial in churchyard, Church of St Garmon.

LOCATION:
The sundial is located in the graveyard, approximately 5m SW of the SW corner of the church tower.


LOCATION:
Located in the road verge, on the southern road from Llanfair Caereinion to Castle Caereinion.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible in the distance when looking northwards at the milestone, although the relatively modest size of the turbine and the distance between the two locations would mean that the visual impact would be Very Low. The context of the milestone now being at the side of a busy, modernised road (B4385) also indicates that its setting has changed to some degree since it was first erected. The distant turbine would have a Very Low impact on the setting of this feature.

Setting:
This milestone is a cast iron milepost, said to have been erected by the Montgomeryshire Turnpike Trust in the late 18th century.  It marks the distances 5 miles to Welshpool, and 1 1/2 mile to Llanfair Caereinion. It remains standing at the southern side of the road.  Curiously, the other mile markers along the road are milestones and it is said that this cast iron example is the last survivor of the original 18th century turnpike trust mileposts, although it is possible that it is actually a 19th century replacement for an earlier milestone. For some reason this milepost is not shown on late 19th century or early 20th century Ordnance Survey maps, unlike the other milestones along the road.


LOCATION:
The building lies near the centre of the village, approximately 100m SW of the parish church.


LOCATION:
Located on the W boundary of the Community, marching with Llanfair Caereinion, and carrying the lower road over a small tributary of the Afon Banwy.


LOCATION:
Located on a platform site on the S facing slope of Y Figyn, and reached by a long farm road from the Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion road through Frochas.


LOCATION:
To the south-east of the village of Pontrobert, on the north side of the road to Dolobran; the house set back from the road with garden to front, yard to rear.

ImpactComment:
Slightly rising ground and mature trees to the southeastern side of the house would block views towards the proposed turbine. It would have no impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
This dwelling is situated on a south-facing slope overlooking the Afon Fyrnwy valley. It was built as a Rectory in 1853 to serve the nearby church at Pont Robert, built to serve the newly created parish of Pont Robert in 1854. The slope rises behind the house, northwards, and is wooded, which blocks views in that direction. The house faces the valley to the south.


NAME:
Farm Building at Dolobran including Link Wall to House

LOCATION:
At west side of Dolobran Hall, across a small yard.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the building or its setting associated with Dolobran house and farmstead..

PublicAccess:
Public footpaths pass through the farmyard area

Setting:
A small outbuilding at the southern edge of the farm outbuilding complex associated with Dolobran. It is situated in elevated position overlooking the Efyrnwy valley to the south.


LOCATION:
1 km west of Pontrobert village, reached by a lane to the north of the Pontrobert to Mathrafal road. Farmyard at north and west (including listed farm building), garden to south.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location, although some trees just to the southeast of the house would be likely to screen or block the view, especially when in leaf during the summer months. The turbine would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

PublicAccess:
Public footpaths pass close to the house

Setting:
The farmhouse at Dolobran is of 17th century date . It is situated in elevated position overlooking the Efyrnwy valley to the south. Its historic farm building range to the northeast of the house appears to have been replaced by large agricultural sheds in modern times.


LOCATION:
Carrying the minor road to south-east of Fridd Mathrafal over Yr Hafesp (a tributary stream of Afon Banwy), and about 2 km south-east of Pontrobert village.


NAME:
Pont-y-Ffatri (partly in Meifod Community)

Setting:
This stone bridge was built in the 1830s and carries a public road across the Efyrnwy river. It is not shown on the Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings of 1829 or the Ordnance Survey's 1 inch to 1 mile scale map of 1836, but does appear on the 1838 Meifod parish tithe map (Tair Tref hamlet). It remains in use today.


LOCATION:
To east side of a minor road about 1 km north of St Cynyw's church; to the north of a farmyard.


LOCATION:
About 50 m north of St Cynyw's Church, Llangynyw, in private grounds.

ImpactComment:
Mature deciduous trees around the perimeter of the garden would block views towards the proposed turbine. The development would not impact on views of the house or its essential setting and relationship with the parish church to the south.

Setting:
This former rectory was built in the late 18th or early 19th century just to the north of the parish church. It is set within its own grounds, which are now surrounded by mature deciduous trees, giving it a secluded setting.


LOCATION:
To west side of the A495 2 km south-west of New Bridge Mechain. Farmyard at rear. Low wall at front with red coping bricks and simple cast-iron railings, gate at centre.


LOCATION:
At north side of the Afon Banwy, reached by a short lane south from the A458 about 250 m east of Heniarth Bridge; close to a former halt on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. Leat runs to rear of building.


NAME:
PEN-Y-LAN HALL (FORMERLY LISTED AS PEN-LAN HALL), WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIARTH HILL


LOCATION:
Farmhouse within farm with cart shed and granary and barn, 1km E of Llanfair Caereinion Church.

ImpactComment:
This house faces the south-southeast and has outbuildings to its northeastern side, beyond which there is a slight rise in ground level. This means that it will have no view of the distant turbine.  The turbine would have no impact on key views of the house or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
This house is the farmhouse for the working farm of Gelligason. It is situated at the head of a minor tributary valley of the Banwy, at about 192 metres above sea level. The house stands to the east of the farm building range, where the pre-20th century outbuildings have mostly survived but have been incorporated into larger 20th century agricultural sheds. The property is accessed via a farm track from the south.


LOCATION:
Located on lane approximately 1.5km north of Llanfair Caereinion, part of a group of farm buildings.


LOCATION:
In the hamlet of Llangyniew, about 4 km south-east of Pontrobert. Churchyard originally circular, extended in 1926 and defined by walls and railings. The building is oriented north-east (but conventional orientation assumed in this description).

ImpactComment:
A view of the proposed turbine may just be possible from the front of the church porch, but otherwise mature trees alongside the churchyard would block views of the turbine. The turbine would have no impact on key views of the church or its essential setting within its churchyard.

Setting:
This 15th parish church is thought to stand on the site of an earlier church, possibly the Cappella de Llankenwy mentioned in 13th century sources. Unlike many churches, the building was not substantially changed in Victorian times. It stands in an oval churchyard, to which a rectilinear extension has been added to its western side. The church is on a valley slope overlooking the Banwy valley from the west. A post-medieval rectory stands just to the north of the churchyard.


LOCATION:
Located near the centre of the extensive 3.6ha (9-acre) churchyard, within the village of Meifod.


NAME:
KING'S HEAD PUBLIC HOUSE, HIGH STREET (N SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
VYRNWY HOUSE (INCLUDING THE FRONT GARDEN RAILINGS)

LOCATION:
Located opposite the churchyard near the corner of road to Meifod Pentre.


NAME:
THE OLD VICARAGE (FORMERLY LISTED AT VICARAGE)

ImpactComment:
The trees to the south of the house and woodland on intervening high ground between the turbine and the house would block views of the turbine.

Setting:
This vicarage has its origins as an early 18th century parsonage which was enlarged considerably in the 19th century. It is set within its own grounds which include and are surrounded by deciduous trees which block views of the property and from the property.


NAME:
PENTRE'R GOF (ALSO KNOWN AS PENTREGO), PENTRE

ImpactComment:
The blade tips of the proposed turbine may be visible to the south-southwest, although trees on higher ground in that direction may block views of the turbine completely. The turbine would not affect views of the house or its farmstead setting.

Setting:
This house stands at just over 100 metres above sea level on the lower valley slopes to the northern side of the Efyrnwy river, and a short distance to the north of Meifod village. A steep, wooded slope rises immediately to the north of the house. The house faces south-southeast with an ornamental garden laid out in front of the building. To the south of the garden stands a large range of modern agricultural sheds which appear to incorporate at least one linear, historic farm building which is shown on late 19th and early 20th Ordnance Survey maps.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from the house, above the roofs of the outbuildings, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the house or its setting within its garden and association with its outbuildings.

Setting:
This 17th century house is situated in a slightly elevated position to the north of the road between Meifod and Mathrafal. It served as a farmhouse and a range of 19th century outbuildings stand immediately downslope to the south, at the roadside. The house faces south towards its outbuildings. The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from the house, above the roofs of the outbuildings, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the house or its setting within its garden and association with its outbuildings.


NAME:
CEUNANT FARMHOUSE, A495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
STRAW BARN AT CEUNANT FARM, A 495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
BRON-Y-MAIN, A495 (SE SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
John Hughes Memorial Chapel (Pontrobert Chapel)

LISTED_AS:
Pontrobert Chapel (Hen Gapel John Hughes)

LOCATION:
In a cul-de-sac lane to the north of Pontrobert Village (leading to Pentre-uchaf), on west side of lane; the chapel cemetery in on the opposite side (in different ownership).

ImpactComment:
Hedgerows and mature trees to the southeast of the chapel would block views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would have no impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
The memorial chapel is situated alongside a minor lane just north of Pont Robert village. It stands on a flat terrace which has been cut into the slope and the building faces to the southeast. The land behind rises to the northwest and some mature trees grow to the rear of the chapel.


LOCATION:
Located at the sharp bend at the N end of the village where the road departs from the perimeter of the churchyard.


LOCATION:
The farmhouse stands approximately 200m back from the main Welshpool to Machynlleth road,  at the E end of the farm buildings.


LOCATION:
Located at the centre of the village on the perimeter of the churchyard, and a short distance E of the E end of the church.


NAME:
LLANERCH BROCHWELL, B 4392 MAESMAWR ROAD (S SIDE) MAESMAWR


LOCATION:
Three km approx SE of the village of Meifod, approached from a narrow lane which runs NW of the B4392, which it leaves half a km NE of Maesmawr Hall.

ImpactComment:
The ZTV suggests that the blades of the proposed turbine may be visible from this location, but the property does not face in the direction of the turbine and any visual impact would be minimal. The turbine would not affect key views of the building or its setting.

PublicAccess:
A public footpath passes close to this building

Setting:
This farmhouse and attached byre are thought to be of possible 16th century origin, but to have been modified in the 17th and early 19th centuries. It stands on a farmyard to the northern side of a country road which originally ran further to the east and was part of the parish road network. The road now ends at Cefn Pentre however, which is in a relatively lonely situation. The building is aligned east-northeast to west-southwest and faces southwards. A single, linear outbuilding stands to the northeast on a similar alignment.


LOCATION:
Parallel to the main range, set back to its right.

ImpactComment:
The house and attached byre stand to the southwest and would block any view towards the proposed turbine.  The turbine would not affect key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
This outbuilding is associated with the farmhouse and attached byre at Cefn Pentre and is thought to be of possible 16th century origin. It stands on a farmyard to the northern side of a country road which originally ran further to the east and was part of the parish road network. The road now ends at Cefn Pentre however, which is in a relatively lonely situation. The building is aligned east-northeast to west-southwest and faces southwards towards the farmyard area.


LOCATION:
In the hills that run between the Vyrnwy and Cwm Nant y meichiad, some 2.5km NW of Meifod.  The building is down-hill sited, occupying a prominent rock spur to the SE of the later farmhouse.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible from this location according to the ZTV,  but deciduous trees to the south and southeastern side of the building would be likely screen or block views towards the proposed turbine. Views of the turbine may be possible in winter when the trees have lost their leaves, but it should be remembered that the building was not built to face the turbine site. The distance from the turbine and the relatively modest scale of the turbine would mean that it would only cause a Very Low, indirect visual impact.

Setting:
The original house at Rhos Fawr Isaf was a medieval hall house, which now serves as a barn to a 19th century red-brick cottage which replaced the primary house. The building is situated in a elevated position at about 255 metres above sea level, on the high ground to the north of the Efyrnwy valley, with the land descending to the southeast offering distant views towards the Efyrnwy and Banwy valleys. The building is aligned north-northeast to south-southwest however, and was built to take advantage of the view in this direction, but instead faces the minor country road to the west-northwest. Rhos Fawr Isaf sits in a landscape characterised by a combination of pasture fields and wooded hilltops,


ImpactComment:
Mature trees around the Meeting House are likely to block views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would not impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
This Quaker Meeting House was built in 1700 on the Dolobran estate, on a small plot of land set within the field system.  The building was deliberately positioned to be hidden from view, situated in a fold of the hill. This is strengthened by mature trees growing around the perimeter of the burial ground, which is now maintained as a garden. The building remains in use as a Meeting House and is now accessed on foot via a green lane.


LOCATION:
Combined corn mill and miller's house with associated outbuildings including cart shed with hay loft above, adjoining stables and separate pig sties located on River Banwy approximately 2km downstream of Llanfair Caereinion, on S side of A.458

ImpactComment:
Mature trees to the northeast would block views towards the turbine. The development would have no impact on key views of the house or on its essential setting.

Setting:
This former mill and mill house are situated on the northern bank of the Banwy is a section, at the foot of the steep valley slope. The mill is of 18th century origin and worked until the 1950s, being powered by water drawn from the river, which flows close to the southern end of the house. Between the house and river, the track of the Welshpool & Llanfair Light Railway passes. This line was built in 1903 to link Welshpool and Llanfair Caereinion and remains operation today.


LOCATION:
Reached by a lane east of a minor road to the north-east of the village of Pontrobert.

ImpactComment:
The house faces the southwest but views to the southeast would seem to be blocked by hedgerow trees close to the dwelling. It is not thought that the turbine would be visible as a result. The turbine would have no impact on views of the house or its essential setting.

Setting:
This timber-framed hall house may date to the 16th century but was mostly encased in stone-building in the 17th century. It was a farmhouse on the Dolobran estate until the 1980s but is now used as a private residence. The house faces southwest, with outbuildings to the north.


# LANDMAP CL

CL4:
Rural; Infrastructure; Places; Institutions; Customs

CL5a:
Agricultural; Fishing/ hunting; Rural Settlement; Co[Trimmed]

CL5b:
Places & Place Names; Famous People; Religions & Bel[Trimmed]

CL14:
Post 1950; Victorian & Edwardian; Georgian; Late Med[Trimmed]

CL16:
Meifod as an Early Christian clas: Mei = May; fod = [Trimmed]

CL17:
The River Valley is wide and picturesque and is repl[Trimmed]

CL22:
Application of planning regulations appears to be ap[Trimmed]

CL30:
The Aspect Area boundary is drawn to encompass featu[Trimmed]

CL42:
The Buildings of Wales: Powys, Richard Haslam; Pengu[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from the nearest section of this long and sinuous Aspect Area, chiefly where the Efyrnwy valley is joined by the Banwy at Newbridge, and northwest to Pont Robert. The turbine would not be visible from the remainder of the Aspect Area, which extends northwestwards almost to Lake Vyrnwy.

The key theme of "Ann Griffiths" (Dolanog), would not be affected. A second themes is the "Clas of Meifod" reflecting early Christian activity, but this theme should be associated with the adjacent Aspect Area of Meifod (Number 050).

The turbine would have no physical impact on this Aspect Area.

Distance:
Nearest point 1.5km to the north-northwest

Setting:
This aspect area is described as "The River Valley is wide and picturesque and is replete with historical associations, prominent among which are the clas settlement of Meifod and associations with Ann Griffiths, and a number of ancient settlements. Its contemporary essence is of leisure and recreation, from the facilities at Lake Vyrnwy to fishing and canoeing on lower reaches of the river to the presence of the 20th/21st concept of Glyndwr's Way."  The overall evaluation is justified as "Moderate in terms of the contemporary cultural essence of lkeisure [sic] and recreation, though such an evaluation in no way diminishes the Valley''s historical and aesthetic value."


CL5a:
Agricultural; Rural Settlement; Defence & Security

CL14:
Victorian & Edwardian; Georgian; Late Medieval; Medi[Trimmed]

CL16:
Maes Moydog, behind Y Golfa Hill - reputedly the sit[Trimmed]

CL17:
The Aspect Area boundary for Castell Caereinion is d[Trimmed]

CL22:
Care is apprent in the management of this landscape

CL23:
Continue vigilance over inappropriate development

CL30:
The boundary is drawn to encompass the known mapped [Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
There would not be a view of the proposed turbine from within most of this fairly large Aspect Area, with view confined largely to higher ground between 200m and 300m in altitude. The important themes and sites include the 'Battle of of Maes Mwydog', the site of which has not been identified although recent thought (RCAHMW) is that the battle probably occurred near Montgomery. 'Twmpath Garmon' - a possible medieval castle mound, lies in the churchyard at Castell Caereinion and would not be intervisible with the turbine. Penyllwyn, a Listed Building just to the southwest of Castell Caereinion has been said to be on the site of a grange which belonged to Strata Marcella Abbey in medieval times. This is not accepted by David Williams, the leading authority on the Cistercian monastic movement in Wales and the site is not included in his Atlas of Cistercian Wales. The listed house is 17th century in origin and therefore significantly later than the Dissolution of the Abbeys and unrelated to the monastic tradition. It is also outside the 5km Assessment Area required for an impact assessment by the Planning Archaeologist and, in view of the distance between the two locations would only experience a Very Low, indirect, visual impact from the turbine. The ZTV also indicates that only the blades, not the hub would be visible from Penllwyn.

The turbine would not have a physical impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
The turbine would only be visible from areas of high ground within this Aspect Area, with most of the area unaffected.

Setting:
The overall evaluation is justified by "The Aspect Area boundary for Castell Caereinion is drawn widely to encompass the extensive evidence of human occupation over millennia visible in the landscape. The village in the small valley of the Luggy Brook was settled by the Romans, testified to by the tentative evidence of two small enclosed settlements, and then by Welsh princelings with the construction of Twmpath Garmon (attributed to Madoc ap Mareddudd in 1156, only for his nephew Owain Cyfeiliog to be driven from it by the North Wales princes. Within the designated area is Pen y Llwyn, formerly a grange of Strata Marcella Abbey, and Ty Mawr (a timber-framed aisled hall house recently restored, and the only one of its kind in the county). There are several examples of the evolution of architectural styles. The AA also contains Maes Moydog, reputedly the site of the battle in 1295 at which the English completed the conquest of Wales."  The overall evaluation is justified by "High as a relatively well-preserved historic rural landscape with a strong sense of place"


CL4:
Rural; Industrial; Urban; Infrastructure; Places; Pe[Trimmed]

CL5a:
Agricultural; Forestry; Fishing/ hunting; Rural Sett[Trimmed]

CL5b:
Places & Place Names; Sense of Place; Religions & Be[Trimmed]

CL14:
Post 1950; Inter War; Victorian & Edwardian; Georgia[Trimmed]

CL16:
A very large number, including, inter alia,  Meifod,[Trimmed]

CL17:
These eastward-trending river valleys dominate the l[Trimmed]

CL22:
If evidence of reasonable care is substantiated, the[Trimmed]

CL23:
Apply planning regulations more stringently on the d[Trimmed]

CL30:
Boundaries seek to follow mapped contour lines on th[Trimmed]

CL42:
Unitary Development Plan: Montgomeryshire Proposals [Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from some parts of this large and discontiguous Aspect Area, chiefly from the long and sinuous valley of the Banwy from Newbridge and southwest to Llanfair Caereinion. The turbine would be most visible from the facing valley slopes closest to the west and south west, but even then would often be intermittent as trees and hedgerows in the landscape would screen many views, but the overall visual impact would be Very Low.

The themes of "The Hymns of Ann Griffths" (Dolanog) and "Bishop William Morgan" (Llanrhaeadr ym Mochnant) are associated with distant locations which would not be affected by the development.

There would be no physical impact on the Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
Only visible from a relatively small proportion of a large Aspect Area which is scattered into blocks across a wide district.

Setting:
This aspect area is described as "These eastward-trending river valleys dominate the landscape of Montgomeryshire. Their streams mostly flow from Pumlumon, Berwyn and lesser ranges. They are variously broad or steepsided (or both) and contain most of the historic settlements in the middle and north of the Study Area as a result of being the most convenient terrain for communications routes (except those in such Aspect Areas as MONTSCL001 - River Severn; MONTSCL003 - Vyrnwy River Valley; MONTSCL015 - Tanat Valley; MONTSCL016 - Clywedog Valley). They are chosen as a single Aspect Area not because of the similarity of their topography (which differs markedly) but because of the evidence of long-term settlement and exploitation of the adjacent terrain caused by topography. Without exception, each displays more than average aesthetic qualities. Many of the settlements within them have been selected as Aspect Areas in their own right - and these valleys provide the wider cultural context for them."  This aspect area is described as "High as typifying the cultural variety in the river valley landscapes of the middle and northern parts of the Study Area"


CL5a:
Agricultural; Fishing/ hunting; Communications & Tra[Trimmed]

CL16:
Meifod = Mai (May) + fod (hafod) = home occupied in [Trimmed]

CL17:
Meifod originated as a 6th century clas foundation c[Trimmed]

CL22:
It is difficult to unmanage a place name

CL30:
Boundaries are drawn to seek to reflect the wider in[Trimmed]

CL42:
A Study of Montgomeryshire Place-Names: Welsh Herita[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Much of this relatively small Aspect Area would not be intervisible with the proposed turbine, including the historic core of the village of Meifod and the valley floor. The main classes of interest are intangible themes, such as "Princes of Powys", unspecified "folk memory" and a legend surrounding the selection of the church site by the Early Medieval saint Gwyddfarch which is said to explain the origin of the name (Yma i fod = Meifod). The turbine would have no impact on these themes as historic Meifod is not intervisible with the development.

The turbine would have no physical impact on the Aspect Area.

Setting:
This aspect area is described as "Meifod originated as a 6th century clas foundation close to the confluence of the Banwy and Vyrnwy Rivers in the Vale of Meifod. The classification reflects more the different traditions as to the origin of the settlement''s name than to any intrinsic cultural essence from its historicity."  The overall evaluation is justified by "Largely locally known historic village with several traditional place name and folklore associations"


CL3:
''Other rural'' is chosen at Level 4 to reflect the [Trimmed]

CL16:
Powys Paradwys Cymru - the ancient name for Gwenwynw[Trimmed]

CL17:
The Aspect Area is essentially a catch-all of landsc[Trimmed]

CL22:
As a largely agricultural landscape - and therefore [Trimmed]

CL23:
Encourage through grants or subsidy the proper manag[Trimmed]

CL30:
Boundaries are formed by (a) the Study Area boundary[Trimmed]

CL42:
In the Heart of Powysland, Robert Owen; Welshpool, 1[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
This Cultural Aspect Area is loosely defined as a "catch all of landscapes surrounding other aspect areas". It is said that it "reveals an eclectic mix of landscape types, from fertile lowlands to bleak moorlands and forms a buffer between other aspect areas that are more culturally distinct or diverse." As such it does not form a coherent or continguous land block, but is rather composed of landscape blocks scattered across the historic county of Montgomeryshire.

The loose definition of this Aspect Area means that the addition of a wind turbine into the landscape does not constitute a significant impact on the Cultural Landscape. Indeed, such a development would appear to be be in accord with the the management remarks and guidelines for this Aspect Area, which are concerned with halting rural depopulation and keeping people on the land, whilst "encouraging regenerative or small business activity and ensuring sustainability of income and provide subsidy to retain people so that they may nurture the landscape." 

There would be a Very Low physical impact on the Aspect Area with no characterstic features damaged.

Intervisibility:
The turbine would not cause a visual impact across most of the very extensive Cultural Landscape Area.

Setting:
This aspect area is described as "The Aspect Area is essentially a catch-all of landscapes surrounding other Aspect Areas. It reveals an eclectic mix of landscape type, from fertile lowlands to bleak moorlands, and forms a buffer between oither Aspect Areas that are more culturally distinctive or diverse. Surprisingly, there are few statutorily protected landscape types - such as SSSIs or SLAs within the area. Nevertheless, Rural Landscapes forms the background to the more detailed painting on the canvas of Montgomeryshire, contributing greatly to the county's soubriquet of Powis paradwys Cymru."  The overall evaluation is justified by "High as a varied, visually rich rural landscape of a wide topographical range that provides the framework for the Study Area as a whole"


# LANDMAP HL

HL4:
Irregular fieldscapes probably largely of medieval a[Trimmed]

HL5:
Woodland; Other Settlement; Designed Landscape; Regu[Trimmed]

HL12:
Hedgerow; Hedgerow With Trees; Hedgebank; Post & Wir[Trimmed]

HL34:
Defined with reference to topography and field patte[Trimmed]

HL41:
Extensive area of irregular fields and woodland occu[Trimmed]

HL42:
See general bibliography in Technical Report, and so[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
The turbine would stand within this Aspect Area. Within a 1km radius the turbine would be visible from much of the landscape, although woodland and plantations, as well as the undulating character of the landscape would reduce the visual impacts to some extent and most recorded historic assets would be unaffected or would only experience a low level of visual impact.  The turbine would be increasingly less visible outside a 1km radius and beyond a 2km radius only limited visibility from higher ground would be possible.

The physical impact of the turbine would be Very Low. It would not destroy or damage features which are defined as being important to the historic character of the Aspect Area.

The turbine would not interfere with sight lines between the Iron Age settlement sites which are scattered around the area, which are often not intervisible with each other due to the undulating landscape.

Intervisibility:
Yes, from parts of the Aspect Area, especially the western side.

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "Irregular fieldscapes probably largely of medieval and early post-medieval date on the lower, dissected hills and stream valleys between the Severn and Vyrnwy valleys, north and west of Welshpool and west of Guilsfield. Blocks of conifer plantation with some residual ancient broadleaved woodland along stream valleys and on steeper valley sides. Early settlement and land use is suggested clusters of Neolithic to Bronze Age lithic finds and dispersed burial mounds and by the later prehistoric hillforts at Trefnanney Gaer, Pant Mawr, Clawdd Wood, Soldiers Ring, Tan y Clawdd and Golfa and by a number of lower-lying defended farmsteads. The early medieval Clawdd Llesg runs across a ridge in the western part of the area.  Medieval settlement and land use is indicated by the earthwork castle at Cefn Du overlying a later prehistoric hillfort. The Tirymynach grange belonging to the medieval Cistercian monastery at Strata Marcella lay near Trefnanney in the northern part of the area. Dispersed farms, houses and cottages predominantly of post-medieval origin. Gentry houses or small country houses of 17th to 19th-century at Maesmawr Hall, Llanerchydol and Brooklands Hall, the latter associated with a registered late 19th century garden and landscape park."  The overall evaluation is justified as "Extensive area of irregular fields and woodland occupying the undulating hill land to the west of the Severn valley. Significant medieval and later agricultural remains, farmsteads and minor settlements, including high status farms and designed landscapes, but perhaps most notable for its high concentration of later prehistoric / Romano-British enclosed settlements and minor hillforts."


HL4:
17th-century and later gardens and 18th and 19th-cen[Trimmed]

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Medieval (to 1536)

HL34:
Defined with reference to existing parkland  feature[Trimmed]

HL41:
The park (and its immediate setting) and the formal [Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Only a very small part of this Aspect Area lies within the 5km assessment area. Most of the area would not be intervisible with the turbine, but some higher ground at the northwestern corner would theoretically have a view, including part of the Iron Age hillfort of Penyfoel. Some views towards the turbine would theoretically be possible from the hillfort, but mature trees across the hillfort ramparts are likely to block or restrict the views. The turbine would also be 5km away and not present a significant feature at that range.

Other named sites, including Powis Castle, would be in areas which are not intervisible with the proposed turbine.

Physically, the turbine development would have no impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
Limited intervisibility from some higher ground

Distance:
Nearest point 4.5km metres to the south-southeast

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "17th-century and later gardens and 18th and 19th-century landscape park possibly based on medieval deer-park associated with Powis Castle, with 20th-century estate conifer plantations and irregular fieldscapes in the outler park areas. Early settlement and land use in the area is indicated by the later prehistoric Pen-y-foel hillfort and by smaller defended enclosure sites. The area includes the two earlier medieval earthwork castles at Ladies Mount and Powis Middle Park and the Plas yr Alarch moated site at Trefnant in addition to the 13th-century stone castle Powis Castle, remodelled as country house from the 16th century. Dispersed farms of medieval and early post-medieval origin with some later estate farms and estate water-powered sawmill near near Coed-y-dinas."  The overall evaluation is justified as "The park (and its immediate setting) and the formal gardens surrounding Powis Castle. A combination of formal and informal designed landscape and garden, managed farmland and woodland. Also contains medieval and later prehistoric sites."


HL4:
Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating, lower hill land[Trimmed]

HL12:
Hedgerow; Hedgerow With Trees; Hedgebank

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Roman; Medieval (to 1536)

HL41:
Large area of very irregular fields and some sinuous[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Only a very small part of this Aspect Area lies within the 5km assessment area, and this only includes an area of deciduous woodland northwest of Pont Robert, from where the turbine would not be visible due to the mature trees within the woodland.

Physically, the turbine development would have no impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
This area is almost wholly outside the assessment area.

Distance:
Nearest point 4.35km metres to the west-northwest

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating, lower hill land west of Pontrobert and north of Llanerfyl, mostly lying between the middle Vyrnwy and Banwy valleys and including a discrete area of registered common land. The more irregular field patterns appear to represent early piecemeal clearance and enclosure from medieval and earlier times whilst areas of more regular, straight-sided fields appear to represent late 18th and 19th-century enclosure of former commons. Small blocks of 20th-century conifer plantation, especially to the north-west of the area, with residual ancient broadleaved woodland along steeper stream and valley sides elsewhere. Early settlement and land use is indicated by isolated Neolithic to Bronze Age burial mounds and chance finds and by the later prehistoric hillforts at Allt Dolanog and Bryn Coch. The Roman road between the forts at Caersws and Llanfor runs across the area. The Cyffin grange belonging to the Cistercian abbey at Strata Marcella lay in the north-western part of the area. Dispersed farms and houses of late medieval and post-medieval date."  The overall evaluation is justified by "Large area of very irregular fields and some sinuous woodland occupying archetypal rolling Montgomeryshire hill land. Medieval and later agricultural remains with with some medieval settlements and a number of significant post medieval farms and farmsteads. Also a number of earlier prehistoric elements (burial and ritual monuments) and later prehistoric defended settlements (hillforts and enclosures), and medieval defensive works. The range and variety contribute to its overall score."


HL4:
Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating land in the Llan[Trimmed]

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Prehistoric; Medieval (to 153[Trimmed]

HL41:
Extensive area of irregular fields and some sinuous [Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Views of the turbine would be possible from higher ground across this extensive Aspect Area, but the distance between these hills (between 2km and 17km) mean that the visual impact from the turbine would be minimal. 

Penycoed Hillfort is named as an important site and has been assessed as experiencing only a Very Low visual impact from the development as key views from the monument are not focused on the area of the turbine. Another hillfort named is Penycastell or Pentre, which would experience a Very Low visual impact, with the turbine only visible in the distance. Ffridd Mathrafal and Bryn y Saethau hillforts have been assessed and would not be impacted on by the development as they are both in afforested areas.

Physically, the turbine development would have no impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
Some intervisibility, mainly from higher ground  beyond the Banwy

Distance:
Nearest point 1.5km metres to the west-southwest

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating land in the Llanfair Caereinion area, in the valleys of the middle Banwy and upper Rhiw and on the surrounding valley sides and low hilltops. Blocks of 20th-century conifer plantation in the northern part of the area, with some residual ancient broadleaved woodland in steep-sided stream valleys. The more irregular field patterns appear to represent early piecemeal clearance and enclosure from medieval and earlier times whilst areas of more regular, straight-sided fields appear to represent late 18th and 19th-century enclosure of former commons. Early settlement and land use is indicated by sparse Neolithic to Bronze Age burial and ritual monuments and by later prehistoric small hillforts as at Pen-y-Coed, Pen-y-Castell, Ffrith Mathrafal, Bryn-y-Saethau small defended farmsteads of Iron Age to Roman date. The Roman road running north of Caersws to the forts at Llanfor crosses the area. Small nucleated church settlements of probably medieval or earlier origin at Castle Caereinion, Tregynon, Llanwyddelan and Llanllugan, the latter also associated with a medieval Cistercian nunnery. Dispersed farms and cottages of medieval and later origin. The extant early 20th-century Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway runs through the area."  The overall evaluation is justified by "Extensive area of irregular fields and some sinuous woodland occupying archetypal rolling Montgomeryshire hill land. Dominated by medieval and later agriculture with numerous farms and houses, a number of medieval (or possibly earlier) settlements with churches, but also a number of Bronze Age barrows and standing stones and Iron Age hillforts and enclosures. The complex content contributes to its scores.


HL4:
Irregular fieldscapes of possibly medieval and later[Trimmed]

HL5:
Woodland; Nucleated Settlement; Designed Landscape

HL41:
Area of irregular fields and woodland occupying nort[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Most of the area would not be intervisible with the turbine. This includes the areas of Llanfechain, Bryngwyn and Domen Gastell which are at the northeastern end of the area between 8.5km and 11km from the turbine site.

Physically, the turbine development would have no impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
Some intervisibility, mainly from the hills overlooking the Efyrnwy from the northwest.

Distance:
Nearest point 1.85km metres to the north-northwest

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "Irregular fieldscapes of possibly medieval and later date on the low hills and ridges north of the Vyrnwy and including part of the Cain valley north of Meifod and west of Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain. Blocks of 20th-century conifer plantation and some relict ancient and replanted broadleaved woodland on some steeper ridge slopes. Early settlement and land use suggested by Neolithic to Bronze Age burial mounds and chance finds and by the later prehistoric hillfort at Bryngwyn and a number of other small defended farmsteads. Small nucleated church settlement of early medieval or medieval origin at Llanfechain, which includes the Domen Gastell earthwork castle. Dispersed farms and cottages of mostly post-medieval origin and small post-medieval nucleated . Registered landscape park and 18th-century country house at Bryngwyn Hall, north of Bwlch-y-cibau."  The overall evaluation is justified by "Area of irregular fields and woodland occupying northern slopes of Dyffryn Meifod. Dominated by medieval and later agriculture with farms and houses, some designed landscape, but also a small number of earlier prehistoric burial and ritual monuments and significant numbers of later prehistoric defended hillforts and enclosures, early medieval and medieval and defensive works"


HL4:
Mixed, regular and irregular valley-bottom fieldscap[Trimmed]

HL41:
Regular fieldscape occupying valley floor...  Mediev[Trimmed]

ImpactComment:
Most of the area would not be intervisible with the turbine, particularly the low-lying Efyrnwy valley from New Bridge northeastwards, past Meifod and as far as Llanymynech, which is over 15km distant from the turbine site.   The turbine would be visible in the section of the Efyrnwy valley which runs northwest from New Bridge to Pont Robert, although the visual impacts on recorded historic assets in this part of the Aspect Area remains Low or Very Low.

Very little of the settlement at Meifod would have a view of the turbine. Cwrt y Person Moated Homestead would theoretically be intervisible but mature trees on and close to the monument would block views towards the turbine.  Mathrafal Castle, similarly, would have mature trees obscuring views towards the turbine. Carreg Hoffa is some 15km from the turbine site and in an area which would not be intervisible. The industrial village of Llanymynech and the Montgomery Canal are both in areas which are not intervisible with the turbine.

Physically, the turbine development would have no impact on this Aspect Area.

Intervisibility:
Some intervisibility, but restricted mainly to the area between Pontrobert and the Banwy.

Distance:
Nearest point 915 metres to the northwest

Description/Justification:
This aspect area is described as "Mixed, regular and irregular valley-bottom fieldscapes of possibly medieval to early post-medieval origin along the Vyrnwy valley from the south of Meifod to Llanymynech, with pronounced river meanders and cut-offs. Prehistoric land use and settlement indicated by Neolithic to Bronze Age burial mounds. Small nucleated church settlement of early medieval origin at Meifod. Medieval settlement and land use indicated by areas of relict ridge and furrow cultivation and by earthwork castles at Mathrafal and Carreghofa and by the medieval moated site at Cwrt y Person near Meifod. Post-medieval industrial settlement at Llanymynech. The late 18th-century Montgomeryshire Canal and the course of the dismantled Cambrian Railway branch line from Llanymynech to Llansantffraid-ym-Mechain and Llanfyllin run through the northern part of the area. Dispersed farmsteads of mostly post-medieval origin. Modern riverside holiday caravan park near Llansantffraid."  The overall evaluation is justified by "Regular fieldscape occupying valley floor. Medieval and later agriculture with farms and houses settlement at Meifod. and defensive site at Mathrafal. Associations with early Welsh saints and later Welsh princes. Some earlier prehistoric burial monuments. Area crossed by Montgomeryshire canal. Its associations and its complex content contribute to its score"


# LBs_5kmbackup

NAME:
LODGE TO MAESMAWR HALL (INCLUDING GATE PIERS), B 4392 MAESMAWR ROAD (N SIDE), MAESMAWR


NAME:
MALDWYN, HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
WATERLOO HOUSE, INCLUDING FORMER COTTAGE TO RIGHT.  HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
WATERLOO COTTAGE, (FORMERLY WATERLOO VIEW), HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
THE OLD POST OFFICE, HIGH STREET (SE SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
HOUSE ADJOINING THE OLD POST OFFICE AT THE N END.  HIGH STREET (SE SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
SUNDIAL TO SW OF TOWER AT CHURCH OF ST TYSILIO, HIGH STREET, MEIFOD VILLAGE.


NAME:
TY MAWR, HIGH STREET (S SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
FOUNTAIN AT THE FRONT OF ALDWYN HOUSE, HIGH STREET, (N SIDE, MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
ROSE VILLA, HIGH STREET (N SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
GER-Y-NANT (BROOK HOUSE), ROAD TO PENTRE (SW SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE

ImpactComment:
Mature trees and buildings to the south of the house would block views towards the proposed turbine. The development would not impact on views of the house or its village setting.

Setting:
An early 19th century roadside dwelling in Meifod village which remains occupied. An extension to the north side of the building has served as a butchers and post office in the past.


NAME:
TY BACH AT CEUNANT FARMHOUSE, A495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
OUTBUILDING TO FRONDEG, A 495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN

ImpactComment:
The ZTV shows that only the blade tips of the proposed turbine would be visible at a distance, causing only a Very Low, indirect, visual impact. It is possible that intervening woodland on high ground could block views of the turbine completely. The turbine would not impact on views of the building or affect its setting.

Setting:
This late 18th century outbuilding stands between the house at Frondeg and the road which passes to the southwest. It is a three storey building, with the ground floor at the height of the road,  stables on the first storey at the level of the access lane to Frondeg, with living quarters for an ostler in the second storey.


NAME:
STABLES AND COACH-HOUSES AT PEN-Y-LAN HALL, WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIARTH HILL


NAME:
'L'-SHAPED RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS, INCLUDING A DOVECOTE AT PEN-Y-LAN HALL, WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIART


NAME:
Pont-y-Ffatri (partley in Llangyniew Community)

LOCATION:
Carrying the road east from Pontrobert to Mathrafal over the Afon Efyrnwy, about 1.5 km east of Pontrobert.


NAME:
DYFFRYN FARMHOUSE, (INCLUDING RAILINGS, DWARF WALLS AND GATE PIERS AT SPLAYED ENTRANCE), A 495 (NW S

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the south of the farmhouse and dominate views in that direction. It is possible that the top of the turbine would be visible in the distance above the roofline of the largest shed, but it would only cause a minimal visual impact, with no impact on key views of the house or its setting.

Setting:
This farmhouse has 17th century origins and the original dwelling, a timber-framed building, still stands. It is now fronted by a 19th century wing which has the appearance of a separate, stone-built house, to its southeastern side, but the two houses are in fact connected and used as a single dwelling.


NAME:
COWHOUSE AND GRANARY ON W SIDE OF FARMYARD AT DYFFRYN FARM, A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFRYN

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the south of this building and dominate views in that direction. It is possible that the top of the turbine would be visible in the distance above the roofline of these sheds, but it would only cause a minimal visual impact, with no impact on key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
A 17th century timber-framed, brick-walled farm outbuilding at the southwestern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century large agricultural sheds have been added to the northeast, southeast and southwest, disrupting the original setting of the building.


NAME:
COWHOUSE FORMING N SIDE OF FARMYARD, AT DYFFRYN FARM.  A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFRYN

ImpactComment:
Large, modern agricultural sheds stand to the southeast of this building and a contemporary cowhouse ad granary also stands to its southern side. These structures block views to the south generally from this location.  The proposed turbine would not be visible from here and would not impact on key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

Setting:
A 17th century timber-framed, brick-walled farm outbuilding at the northwestern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century large agricultural sheds have been added to the south, southeast and southwest, disrupting the original setting of the building.


NAME:
STONE BUILDING AND CALF HOUSE, AT THE E SIDE OF THE FARMYARD, AT DYFFRYN FARM, A 495 (N SIDE), DYFFR

ImpactComment:
A large, modern agricultural shed stand to the southeast of this building and would block views to the south generally from this location.  The proposed turbine would therefore not be visible from here and would not impact on key views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
A 17th century stone-built farm outbuilding at the northeastern side of the historic farmyard complex at Dyffryn. In the 20th century a large agricultural shed have been added to the southeastern end of the building, which has either been incorporated into the new structure or lost. This shed dramatically changes the farmyard setting of the listed building and blocks views towards the road and valley to the southeast.


NAME:
MALTHOUSE AND GRANARY AT PENTRE'R GOF, INCLUDING LEAN-TO ON W, PENTRE

ImpactComment:
The modern farm buildings which surround the old malthouse and granary have dramatically altered its setting and would also block any view of the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This 17th century building was one of the original farmyard outbuildings which stood to the south of Pentre'r Gof house, alongside the access lane to the dwelling. In modern times it has been incorporated into a group of large, abutting farm sheds.


LOCATION:
Located in the road verge, approximately 100m west of the driveway to Rhôs fawr farm.


LOCATION:
Bridge over tributary of River Banwy at eastern boundary of parish, carrying B4385 road, 3km E of Llanfair Caereinion Church.


LOCATION:
The church is set at the centre of the nucleated village, in the sub-rectangular former bailey of the castle, with a motte at the N corner.  The motte is a scheduled ancient monument,  6/2203/Mg117.


NAME:
Sundial in churchyard, Church of St Garmon.

LOCATION:
The sundial is located in the graveyard, approximately 5m SW of the SW corner of the church tower.


LOCATION:
Located in the road verge, on the southern road from Llanfair Caereinion to Castle Caereinion.


LOCATION:
The building lies near the centre of the village, approximately 100m SW of the parish church.


LOCATION:
Located on the W boundary of the Community, marching with Llanfair Caereinion, and carrying the lower road over a small tributary of the Afon Banwy.


LOCATION:
Located on a platform site on the S facing slope of Y Figyn, and reached by a long farm road from the Welshpool to Llanfair Caereinion road through Frochas.


LOCATION:
To the south-east of the village of Pontrobert, on the north side of the road to Dolobran; the house set back from the road with garden to front, yard to rear.

ImpactComment:
Slightly rising ground and mature trees to the southeasten side of the house would block views towards the proposed turbine. It would have no impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
This dwelling is situated on a south-facing slope overlooking the Afon Fyrnwy valley. It was built as a Rectory in 1853 to serve the nearby church at Pont Robert, built to serve the newly created parish of Pont Robert in 1854. The slope rises behind the house, northwards, and is wooded, which blocks views in that direction. The house faces the valley to the south.


NAME:
Farm Building at Dolobran including Link Wall to House

LOCATION:
At west side of Dolobran Hall, across a small yard.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the building or its setting associated with Dolobran house and farmstead..

PublicAccess:
Public footpaths pass through the farmyard area

Setting:
A small outbuilding at the southern edge of the farm outbuilding complex associated with Dolobran. It is situated in elevated position overlooking the Efyrnwy valley to the south.


LOCATION:
1 km west of Pontrobert village, reached by a lane to the north of the Pontrobert to Mathrafal road. Farmyard at north and west (including listed farm building), garden to south.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location, although some trees just to the southeast of the house would be likely to screen or block the view, especially when in leaf during the summer months. The turbine would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the building or its farmyard setting.

PublicAccess:
Public footpaths pass close to the house

Setting:
The farmhouse at Dolobran is of 17th century date . It is situated in elevated position overlooking the Efyrnwy valley to the south. Its historic farm building range to the northeast of the house appears to have been replaced by large agricultural sheds in modern times.


LOCATION:
Carrying the minor road to south-east of Fridd Mathrafal over Yr Hafesp (a tributary stream of Afon Banwy), and about 2 km south-east of Pontrobert village.


NAME:
Pont-y-Ffatri (partly in Meifod Community)


LOCATION:
To east side of a minor road about 1 km north of St Cynyw's church; to the north of a farmyard.


LOCATION:
About 50 m north of St Cynyw's Church, Llangynyw, in private grounds.


LOCATION:
To west side of the A495 2 km south-west of New Bridge Mechain. Farmyard at rear. Low wall at front with red coping bricks and simple cast-iron railings, gate at centre.


LOCATION:
At north side of the Afon Banwy, reached by a short lane south from the A458 about 250 m east of Heniarth Bridge; close to a former halt on the Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway. Leat runs to rear of building.


NAME:
PEN-Y-LAN HALL (FORMERLY LISTED AS PEN-LAN HALL), WELSHPOOL ROAD, BRONIARTH HILL


LOCATION:
Farmhouse within farm with cart shed and granary and barn, 1km E of Llanfair Caereinion Church.


LOCATION:
Located on lane approximately 1.5km north of Llanfair Caereinion, part of a group of farm buildings.


LOCATION:
In the hamlet of Llangyniew, about 4 km south-east of Pontrobert. Churchyard originally circular, extended in 1926 and defined by walls and railings. The building is oriented north-east (but conventional orientation assumed in this description).


LOCATION:
Located near the centre of the extensive 3.6ha (9-acre) churchyard, within the village of Meifod.


NAME:
KING'S HEAD PUBLIC HOUSE, HIGH STREET (N SIDE), MEIFOD VILLAGE


NAME:
VYRNWY HOUSE (INCLUDING THE FRONT GARDEN RAILINGS)

LOCATION:
Located opposite the churchyard near the corner of road to Meifod Pentre.


NAME:
THE OLD VICARAGE (FORMERLY LISTED AT VICARAGE)

ImpactComment:
The trees to the south of the house and woodland on intervening high ground between the turbine and the house would block views of the turbine.

Setting:
This vicarage has its origins as an early 18th century parsonage which was enlarged considerably in the 19th century. It is set within its own grounds which include and are surrounded by deciduous trees which block views of the property and from the property.


NAME:
PENTRE'R GOF (ALSO KNOWN AS PENTREGO), PENTRE

ImpactComment:
The blade tips of the proposed turbine may be visible to the south-southwest, although trees on higher ground in that direction may block views of the turbine completely. The turbine would not affect views of the house or its farmstead setting.

Setting:
This house stands at just over 100 metres above sea level on the lower valley slopes to the northern side of the Efyrnwy river, and a short distance to the north of Meifod village. A steep, wooded slope rises immediately to the north of the house. The house faces south-southeast with an ornamental garden laid out in front of the building. To the south of the garden stands a large range of moder agricultural sheds which appear to incorporate at least one linear, historic farm building which is shown on late 19th and early 20th Ordnance Survey maps.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from the house, above the roofs of the outbuildings, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the house or its setting within its garden and association with its outbuildings.

Setting:
This 17th century house is situated in a slightly elevated postion to the north of the road between Meifod and Mathrafal. It served as a farmhouse and a range of 19th century outbuildings stand immediately downslope to the south, at the roadside. The house faces south towards its outbuildings. The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from the house, above the roofs of the outbuildings, but would only cause minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the house or its setting within its garden and association with its outbuildings.


NAME:
CEUNANT FARMHOUSE, A495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
STRAW BARN AT CEUNANT FARM, A 495 (NW SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
BRON-Y-MAIN, A495 (SE SIDE), ALLT-Y-MAIN


NAME:
John Hughes Memorial Chapel (Pontrobert Chapel)

LISTED_AS:
Pontrobert Chapel (Hen Gapel John Hughes)

LOCATION:
In a cul-de-sac lane to the north of Pontrobert Village (leading to Pentre-uchaf), on west side of lane; the chapel cemetery in on the opposite side (in different ownership).

ImpactComment:
Hedgeriows and mature trees to the southeast of the chapel would block views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would have no impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
The memorial chapel is situated alongside a minor lane just north of Pont Robert village. It stands on a flat terrace which has been cut into the slope and the building faces to the southeast. The land behind rises to the northwest and some mature trees grow to the rear of the chapel.


LOCATION:
Located at the sharp bend at the N end of the village where the road departs from the perimeter of the churchyard.


LOCATION:
The farmhouse stands approximately 200m back from the main Welshpool to Machynlleth road,  at the E end of the farm buildings.


LOCATION:
Located at the centre of the village on the perimeter of the churchyard, and a short distance E of the E end of the church.


NAME:
LLANERCH BROCHWELL, B 4392 MAESMAWR ROAD (S SIDE) MAESMAWR


LOCATION:
Three km approx SE of the village of Meifod, approached from a narrow lane which runs NW of the B4392, which it leaves half a km NE of Maesmawr Hall.


LOCATION:
Parallel to the main range, set back to its right.


LOCATION:
In the hills that run between the Vyrnwy and Cwm Nant y meichiad, some 2.5km NW of Meifod.  The building is down-hill sited, occupying a prominent rock spur to the SE of the later farmhouse.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible from this location according to the ZTV,  but deciduous trees to the south and southeastern side of the building would be likely screen or block views towards the proposed turbine. Views of the turbine may be possible in winter when the trees have lost their leaves, but it should be remembered that the building was not built to face the turbine site. The distance from the turbine and the relatively modest scale of the turbine would mean that it would only cause a Very Low, indirect visual impact.

Setting:
The original house at Rhos Fawr Isaf was a medieval hall house, which now serves as a barn to a 19th century red-brick cottage which replaced the primary house. The building is situated in a elevated position at about 255 metres above sea level, on the high ground to the north of the Efyrnwy valley, with the land descending to the southeast offering distant views towards the Efyrnwy and Banwy valleys. The building is aligned north-norhteast to south-southwest however, and was built to take advantage of the view in this direction, but instead faces the minor country road to the west-northwest. Rhos Fawr Isaf sits in a landscape characterised by a combination of pasture fields and wooded hilltops,


ImpactComment:
Mature trees around the Meeting House are likely to block views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would not impact on views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
This Quaker Meeting House was built in 1700 on the Dolobran estate, on a small plot of land set within the field system.  The building was deliberately positioned to be hidden from view, situated in a fold of the hill. This is strengthened by mature trees growing around the perimeter of the burial ground, which is now maintained as a garden. The building remains in use as a Meeting House and is now accessed on foot via a green lane.


LOCATION:
Combined corn mill and miller's house with associated outbuildings including cart shed with hay loft above, adjoining stables and separate pig sties located on River Banwy approximately 2km downstream of Llanfair Caereinion, on S side of A.458


LOCATION:
Reached by a lane east of a minor road to the north-east of the village of Pontrobert.

ImpactComment:
The house faces the southwest but views to the southeast would seem to be blocked by hedgerow trees close to the dwelling. It is not thought that tha turbine would be visible as a result. The turbine would have no impact on views of the house or its essential setting.

Setting:
This timber-framed hall house may date to the 16th century but was mostly encased in stone-building in the 17th century. It was a farmhouse on the Dolobran estate until the 1980s but is now used as a private residence. The house faces southwest, with outbuildings to the north.


# SAMs_5km

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible in the distance but would cause only a minimal visual impact with no impact on key views of the monument  and with no impact on the relationship of the hillfort with the adjacent valleys to the north and east.

Setting:
This Iron Age Defended Enclosure is situated at about 213 metres above sea level to the north of a summit and on an natural terrace in the slope, from where views northwards towards the Banwy valley are possible as well as to the northeast and east towards a tributary valley of the Banwy. The site is now a denuded earthwork in the farmed landscape, overlain by the post-medieval field system.


ImpactComment:
The forestry plantation growing over the site would block views towards the turbine. The turbine would not affect key views of the monument or its setting.

Setting:
This Iron Age Hillfort lies at 135m above sea level on a natural promontory to the west of the Afon Banwy from where it would have enjoyed views eastwards across the valley. It is protected from attack from the west by a complex series of ramparts and ditches, which are now denuded. In historic times the site has been covered by woodland plantations and a young coniferous plantation has been recently planted over the site and is now beginning to obscure its earthworks once again.


ImpactComment:
The forestry plantation surrounding the site would block views towards the turbine. The turbine would not affect key views of the monument or its setting.

Setting:
This Iron Age Hillfort lies at 205m above sea level at the northeastern end of a natural promontory to the west of the Afon Banwy from where it would have enjoyed views eastwards across the valley.  In historic times the site has been covered by woodland plantations. It has not been overplanted in recent times, but is surrounded by forestry and has dense ground vegetation which obscures detail on the ground.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible in the distance but would cause only a minimal visual impact with no impact on key views of the monument or its setting.

Setting:
This fine, multivallate Iron Age Hillfort is situated at about 213 metres above sea level on the summit of a prominent, conical hill, to the west of the Banwy valley  from where views eastwards towards the valley are possible. The site is now a denuded earthwork in the farmed landscape, overlain by the post-medieval field system.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would theoretically be visible from this location, but the mature trees which surround the monument would be likely to screen views of the turbine and greatly reduce any visual impact. The turbine is to the southwest, whilst the focus of the monument appears to be to the valley to the north, possibly also including views towards a neighbouring enclosure to the west-northwest on Broniarth Hill.

Setting:
This Iron Age hillfort was sited on a prominent hillock overlooking a minor tributary valley to the east of the Efyrnwy. It stands at the edge of the steep valley slope, with only denuded ramparts visible on its north, east and west sides. The site is ringed by mature trees and a strip of mature woodland covers the valley slope to the north.


ImpactComment:
The blades of the proposed turbine may be visible from this location, although the ZTV suggests that the turbine would not be visible to hub height. The trees now growing on and around the site may also screen views of the turbine. The hillfort was clearly sited to face the east-southeast, whereas the turbine would be to the southwest and not part of the important views out of the monument. Another Iron Age Defended Enclosure is located 1km to the east-southeast and seems to be intervisible with the Broniarth Hill Camp.

PublicAccess:
Woodland owned by Natural Resources Wales

Setting:
This small, ovoid enclosure is thought to be a probable Iron Age hillfort. It occupies the eastern flank of a prominent local summit to the east of the Efyrnwy valley, but appears to have sited to face the east-southeast and has no view westwards towards the Efyrnwy. During the 19th and early 20th century the hill was managed as hill pasture, but in modern times it has become wooded and some of the woodland is now evidently encroaching onto monument.


ImpactComment:
The trees growing on the site as well as those along the southern edge of the field would block any views towards the proposed turbine. The development would not affect key views or the essential setting of this monument.

Setting:
This moated site is located on relatively flat ground to the north of Meifod village. The site is now wooded but situated in a pasture field. A band of mature deciduous trees stand to the south, along the field boundary.


# LANDMAP HL back

HL4:
Irregular fieldscapes probably largely of medieval a[Trimmed]

HL5:
Woodland; Other Settlement; Designed Landscape; Regu[Trimmed]

HL12:
Hedgerow; Hedgerow With Trees; Hedgebank; Post & Wir[Trimmed]

HL34:
Defined with reference to topography and field patte[Trimmed]

HL41:
Extensive area of irregular fields and woodland occu[Trimmed]

HL42:
See general bibliography in Technical Report, and so[Trimmed]


HL4:
17th-century and later gardens and 18th and 19th-cen[Trimmed]

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Medieval (to 1536)

HL34:
Defined with reference to existing parkland  feature[Trimmed]

HL41:
The park (and its immediate setting) and the formal [Trimmed]


HL4:
Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating, lower hill land[Trimmed]

HL12:
Hedgerow; Hedgerow With Trees; Hedgebank

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Roman; Medieval (to 1536)

HL41:
Large area of very irregular fields and some sinuous[Trimmed]


HL4:
Mixed fieldscapes on the undulating land in the Llan[Trimmed]

HL14:
Post Medieval (1536+); Prehistoric; Medieval (to 153[Trimmed]

HL41:
Extensive area of irregular fields and some sinuous [Trimmed]


HL4:
Irregular fieldscapes of possibly medieval and later[Trimmed]

HL5:
Woodland; Nucleated Settlement; Designed Landscape

HL41:
Area of irregular fields and woodland occupying nort[Trimmed]


HL4:
Mixed, regular and irregular valley-bottom fieldscap[Trimmed]

HL41:
Regular fieldscape occupying valley floor...  Mediev[Trimmed]


# LANDMAP CL back

CL4:
Rural; Infrastructure; Places; Institutions; Customs

CL5a:
Agricultural; Fishing/ hunting; Rural Settlement; Co[Trimmed]

CL5b:
Places & Place Names; Famous People; Religions & Bel[Trimmed]

CL14:
Post 1950; Victorian & Edwardian; Georgian; Late Med[Trimmed]

CL16:
Meifod as an Early Christian clas: Mei = May; fod = [Trimmed]

CL17:
The River Valley is wide and picturesque and is repl[Trimmed]

CL22:
Application of planning regulations appears to be ap[Trimmed]

CL30:
The Aspect Area boundary is drawn to encompass featu[Trimmed]

CL42:
The Buildings of Wales: Powys, Richard Haslam; Pengu[Trimmed]


CL5a:
Agricultural; Rural Settlement; Defence & Security

CL14:
Victorian & Edwardian; Georgian; Late Medieval; Medi[Trimmed]

CL16:
Maes Moydog, behind Y Golfa Hill - reputedly the sit[Trimmed]

CL17:
The Aspect Area boundary for Castell Caereinion is d[Trimmed]

CL22:
Care is apprent in the management of this landscape

CL23:
Continue vigilance over inappropriate development

CL30:
The boundary is drawn to encompass the known mapped [Trimmed]


CL4:
Rural; Industrial; Urban; Infrastructure; Places; Pe[Trimmed]

CL5a:
Agricultural; Forestry; Fishing/ hunting; Rural Sett[Trimmed]

CL5b:
Places & Place Names; Sense of Place; Religions & Be[Trimmed]

CL14:
Post 1950; Inter War; Victorian & Edwardian; Georgia[Trimmed]

CL16:
A very large number, including, inter alia,  Meifod,[Trimmed]

CL17:
These eastward-trending river valleys dominate the l[Trimmed]

CL22:
If evidence of reasonable care is substantiated, the[Trimmed]

CL23:
Apply planning regulations more stringently on the d[Trimmed]

CL30:
Boundaries seek to follow mapped contour lines on th[Trimmed]

CL42:
Unitary Development Plan: Montgomeryshire Proposals [Trimmed]


CL5a:
Agricultural; Fishing/ hunting; Communications & Tra[Trimmed]

CL16:
Meifod = Mai (May) + fod (hafod) = home occupied in [Trimmed]

CL17:
Meifod originated as a 6th century clas foundation c[Trimmed]

CL22:
It is difficult to unmanage a place name

CL30:
Boundaries are drawn to seek to reflect the wider in[Trimmed]

CL42:
A Study of Montgomeryshire Place-Names: Welsh Herita[Trimmed]


CL3:
''Other rural'' is chosen at Level 4 to reflect the [Trimmed]

CL16:
Powys Paradwys Cymru - the ancient name for Gwenwynw[Trimmed]

CL17:
The Aspect Area is essentially a catch-all of landsc[Trimmed]

CL22:
As a largely agricultural landscape - and therefore [Trimmed]

CL23:
Encourage through grants or subsidy the proper manag[Trimmed]

CL30:
Boundaries are formed by (a) the Study Area boundary[Trimmed]

CL42:
In the Heart of Powysland, Robert Owen; Welshpool, 1[Trimmed]


# Site

Short Text:
This settlement was known as Trefedrid at the time of the 1829 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawings. This suggests that the farmstead has relatively early origins, as Trefedrid is also the name of one of the townships of Meifod parish. By the time of the First Edition 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map of 1886 the property is shown Brynygroes and can be seen to be a farmstead consisting of the farmhouse and several outbuildings, the house apparently in the same position as the present dwelling. The 1902 1:2500 map names the property as Upper Brynygroes. The farm buildings appear to have survived throughout the 20th century but by the early 21st century only the house and the westernmost outbuilding remained. Today the house is used as a dwelling but this is no longer a working farmstead.

Setting:
This post-medieval former farmhouse is situated at approximately 236 metres above sea level in the upper reaches of a minor tributary valley of the Afon Banwy. The house faces southwards, across a grassy area where its outbuildings once stood. The house was the dwelling of a working farmstead until the second half of the 20th century but has now lost most of its outbuildings and is only used for residential purposes. The surrounding garden area is overgrown and has a number of trees growing close to the house, on all four sides. Access is via a trackway from the northwest.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from this location, although the trees growing to south of the house now largely screen the view.


Setting:
A small, modern quarry working into the bottom of the valley slope in a minor tributary valley of the Banwy. The area is pasture land.


Short Text:
A denuded, post-medieval earthwork field boundary bank.

MDESC:
Grid reference taken at point along linear site

Setting:
A denuded, post-medieval earthwork field boundary bank to the northern side of a minor tributary stream of the Banwy. The bank has become very denuded at its eastern end and replaced by a post and wire fence which has straightened the boundary and moved it slightly to the north. The area is pasture land.

Directcomment:
Would be crossed by an access track for the turbine

ImpactComment:
The access track to the turbine site would cross the line of this denuded boundary bank. In view of the very denuded nature of this post-medieval boundary bank, no mitigation is thought necessary, although the width of the affected section of the bank should be kept to the minimal possible to allow the trackway to pass through.


Setting:
A denuded, post-medieval earthwork field boundary bank to the southern side of a minor tributary stream of the Banwy. The bank has become very denuded and the boundary is maintained by a post and wire fence. The area is pasture land.


Setting:
A denuded, post-medieval earthwork field boundary bank to the southern side of a minor tributary stream of the Banwy. The bank has become very denuded and the boundary is no maintained with a post and wire fence. The area is pasture land.

ImpactComment:
The access track to the turbine site would cross the line of this denuded boundary bank. The trackway should pass through an existing gate to reach the proposed turbine site.


summary:
PART BIVALLATE HILLFORT SOME 175M NE-SW BY 110M WIDE EARTH AND STONE RAMPARTS MUCH REDUCED BY PLOUGHING.  ORIG OBLIQUE ENTRANCE AT W.  MIS-INTERPRETED BY RCAHM, 1911.

Group Value:
One of a group of Iron Age hillforts in the Meifod area

Setting:
This Iron Age hillfort was constructed on a prominent hill to the east of the Banwy valley at an altitude of approximately 185 metres above sea level. The site appears to be just to the west of the summit of the hill and therefore facing southwest, towards the Banwy valley. The earthworks are now very denuded and lie within a pasture fields.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine may just be visible from the eastern part of the hillfort, but a plantation of mature conifers along the northern side of the hill would block views of the turbine. The turbine would not impact on key views of the hillfort.


summary:
A multivallate enclosure some 475m north-east/south-west by 73m north-west/south-east. A natural scarp falls away steeply to the south-east acting as a natural defence with two banks and ditches to the south-west and north and three to the north-east. A simple entrance can be seen on the north-east. The possible remains of a later medieval motte can be seen to the north-east (prn50033).

The remains of the enclosure are within an area of mature oak woodland with a large fenced game pen at its centre forming a stable environment allowing the continual surviving of the associate banks and ditches. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Evidential Value:
Well-preserved earthwork hidden in woodland

Setting:
This multivallate Iron Age hillfort was built on a prominent hill which rises to just over 250m above sea level and is situated between two minor tributary streams of the Afon Banwy. The hillfort would appear to have been focused on the views towards the Banwy valley to the southwest. It is thought that the site may have been re-used in medieval times and a possible motte is seen within its northeastern end, but this has not been proven archaeologically to be a medieval feature. In post-medieval and modern times the site has been hidden in mature oak woodland.

ImpactComment:
This hillfort is hidden in a mature oak woodland. The trees would largely block views of the turbine although during the winter months, when the leaves have fallen, there may be some views possible out of the woodland towards the turbine from the northern and northwestern edge of the hillfort. This would not be considered a key view from the hillfort however.  

The turbine would be in the peripheral view when looking towards the hillfort from the public road to the southwest. The impact is offset considerably, however, as the hillfort itself is no longer visible as it is completely hidden in the woodland.


summary:
The possible remains of a motte incorporated into the earlier earthworks of the Cefn Du hillfort (prn50032) to the north-east. This additional earthwork is a rectangular mound roughly 16m north-east/south-west by 9m. The motte may have utilized the inner rampart of the enclosure as a bailey.

The earthworks are in a stable condition within an area of oak woodland. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Setting:
This earthwork feature lies within the Iron Age hillfort of Cefn Du just inside the entrance at the northeastern end of the defences. The mound is linear, rectangular mound which is not a typical form for a medieval motte and it may well be an Iron Age defensive feature, protecting the entrance. The feature, and the remainder of the hillfort, is hidden in mature oak woodland.

ImpactComment:
This feature is hidden in a mature oak woodland. The trees would largely block views of the turbine although during the winter months, when the leaves have fallen, there may be some views possible out of the woodland towards the turbine from this point. 

The turbine would not affect views of the mounds from outside the wood as the trees would block such views.


summary:
Farmstead likely to contain traditional farm buildings as those depicted on 1st edition (1886) OS map correspond with buildings on the modern digital mapping.

A small farmstead containing an abandoned late 18th/early 19th century farmhouse (prn54013), well (prn53001) and a number of modern interwar farm buildings including a long cow house and stable range and pigsty. Earlier buildings are believed to have been destroyed during a fire. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Evidential Value:
Deserted house but outbuildings and land in use

Setting:
This farmstead is of likely 18th or early 19th century origin and is situated on a low ridge between two minor stream valleys. A mixture of woodland and pasture fields surround the farmstead buildings. The farmhouse has been abandoned in modern times and is now derelict, whilst the outbuildings continue in use for agricultural purposes.

ImpactComment:
The top of the proposed turbine is likely to be visible above the woodland plantation to the northwest of the house. This will cause a Low, indirect, visual impact but would not affect the relationship of the constituent parts of the holding and thereby not affect it setting.


summary:
Quarry depicted on 1st edition (1886) and later OS maps.

A small quarry providing local building or road metalling materials. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)


summary:
A small area of possible ridge and furrow associated either with the post medieval farmstead at Cefn-du (prn53000) or the medieval activity associated with the motte (prn50033) 200m to the south-east. The Ridges are no more then 0.3m high and the furrows roughly 3m/4m apart. Owner has no recollection of any drainage works being carried out in that field. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Area of R&F captured from LiDAR (Silvester, R, 2013).


summary:
Enclosure occupying ridge and abutting vertical cliff to W.  Multivallate to N three scarped slopes 2.6m high.  On S only one scarp visible. Nothing visible to E. Well preserved earthworks under oak and thorn.

On the E and NE sides, where an entrance may have been sited, the defences have been ploughed away in the past (Cadw, 2000).

Setting:
This Iron Age hillfort was constructed on a ridgetop, with a vertical cliff defining its western side. Originally, the hillfort would have had good views to the northwest, towards the Efyrnwy valley. In post-medieval times the hill has been managed for woodland and to the present day the entire site is hidden beneath mature trees.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would theoretically be visible from this hillfort but in practice the mature woodland which covers the monument would block views. The turbine would not interrupt views from this hillfort to any other hillfort in the Meifod area and would not impact on the essential setting of this monument.


summary:
SITE OF FORMER COTTAGE.  SOME BRICK AND STONE IN EVIDENCE.  SITE INCORPORATED INTO MODERN FARMYARD.  RIDGE SITING.  NO FURTHER DETAIL.

Short Text:
Former cottage site at Cefn Cyfronydd, now demolished with only fragments remaining.


summary:
The remains of a single storey gabled rubble stone late 18th/early 19th century building built on a narrow terrace built into a south-facing elevation. The south-facing elevation has been removed. The west-facing gable survives to 2m and the east-facing gable to 4m with evidence of a chimney. The north-facing elevation has a small square opening to the east and two vertical ventilation slits to the west. A number of small fields now predominantly wooded are associated with the building. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Historical Value:
Ruined remains described by CPAT in 2004

Setting:
This cottage was built in the late 18th or early 19th century on a moderate slope overlooking a minor tributary of the Afon Banwy to the south. The house was abandoned during the 20th century and fell into ruin, the site now largely being hidden in a parcel of mature deciduous woodland.

ImpactComment:
Although the ZTV suggests the turbine blades would be visible from this site, the rising slope to the north and the presence of mature deciduous trees on the slope would mean that the view would be blocked in reality. The trees also hide the ruins of the building and the turbine would not impact on views of this post-medieval feature.


summary:
ENCLOSURE (OCCUPYING AN ARTIFICIALLY SCARPED PLATEAU SOME 60M E-W BY 20M N-S AT THE W END OF A NARROW E-W HOG-BACKED RIDGE) SOME 15M N-S BY 10M WIDE DEFINED BY AN OUTWARD FACING SCARP ABOUT 1M HIGH SET AGAINST SHALLOW N-S CROSS RIDGE DITCH.  APPARENTLY FURTHER CONTAINED (SEE OS, ) BY AN L-SHAPED SCARP ON S (SOME 30M LONG) AND W (SOME 12M LONG BUT `RUNNING OFF' THE EDGE OF THE SCARPED PLATEAU).  USAGE UNCLEAR POSS SOME FORM OF DEFENDED MEDIEVAL (OR DARK AGE - OS, 1972) HOUSE SITE THOUGH MAY BE AN IRON AGE FEATURE WITH LATER RE-WORKING.  NOTE DERELICT HOLLOWAY AT SJ 14100820.

Setting:
A poorly described earthwork of unknown site type, function or date, situated on a small, relatively low knoll. The site is surrounded by mature woodland and has no views of the wider landscape. There is insufficient information on which to base an assessment of setting.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees surround the knoll block all views in or out of the site.


summary:
This half-timbered house seems to be a synthetic product of the vernacular revival of the seventies, though possibly disguising a somewhat older core. 
The half-timbering is not properly joisted.

Setting:
A post-medieval cottage which has been constructed alongside a minor country road, within a field parcel. In modern times a garden plot has been created around the house. The façade of the house has been finished with a mock half-timbered effect, but this is of 20th century date. It remains occupied.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from the rear of the house but would only cause a Very Low, indirect, visual impact, with no impact on setting.


summary:
Former corn mill, condition of building good but some equipment removed   (Houghton-Browne, A 1977).

The mill consists of a ground floor and two upper floors with a northern extension. There is a pig sty to the east. and a recent farm shed to the east.  The mill wheel housing and gearing is in a pit to the south.  The northern extension is in a worse state of preservation than the rest of the building but contains poorly preserved iron drivewheel and launders/boxes. The main building has a horizontal driveshaft and fittings in the north room at the east side.  The south room houses a cast iron drive shaft to the mill wheels, bearings, drive wheels and rotary bands.

Stairs lead to the first floor where there is a wire machine and two intact millstones with wooden housings and hoppers.  Millstones manufactured by Kay & Hilton of Fleet Street, Liverpool (marked on cast iron plates on upper wheels).  The drive shaft and wheel is in the south-east corner.  Stairs lead to the second floor where a hoist is preserved at the south end.  The main wheel was not seen (it is housed in a pit). 

The mill tailrace ran from Maesnewydd weir.  (CPAT 1997).

Group Value:
Associated with the Efyrnwy river, the mill leat and a Listed pigsty.

Evidential Value:
Standing building, converted for residential use

Communal Value:
First source of electricity for Meifod village

Setting:
This 19th century corn mill was built in a bend of the Efyrnwy river, on the valley floor. It was fed via a mill leat originating from the Efyrnwy to the west, with the water flowing through its undershot wheel and returning to the same river to the east.  It was converted to generate electricity for Meifod village in 1923. It was used as a corn mill and power station until it ceased working in the 1950s. The former mill has pasture fields to the north, with mature deciduous trees lined along the river to the east and a broader parcel of mature woodland to the south. The property is accessed via a lane from the west, which connects it to the A495.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees to the south of the building would block any views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would not impact on the setting of the mill, which is focused on the floor of the Efyrnwy valley.


Group Value:
Associated with the former Glascoed Mill

Setting:
This early 19th century pig-sty stands in the garden of the former Glascoed Mill, just to the west of the Efyrnwy river. The former mill and its garden have pasture fields to the north, with mature deciduous trees lined along the river to the east and a broader parcel of mature woodland to the south. The property is accessed via a lane from the west, which connects it to the A495.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees to the south of the pigsty would block any views towards the proposed turbine. The turbine would not impact on the garden setting of the pigsty or its relationship with Glascoed Mill.


summary:
Low bank describing a rough right angle and abutting present field boundaries (AP 93-07-0005-6).

The earthwork can be seen as a low bank running south-east 3m wide and 0.3m high and as a lynchet platform 4m wide and 0.4m high east-west. The 25" OS map of 1886 shows the remains of a late medieval or early post medieval field boundary defined by trees. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)


summary:
Building gone but leat can be traced. Recorded on Tithe Map 1846 and census records.

The tithe map shows the mill and its leat when it was owned by Pryce Jones of Cyfronydd Hall but was unoccupied (T 1846). The census records for the township of Cyfronydd repeatedly mention the mill. It seems to have been very closely associated with the Glynn Farm on a small stream running from Maesmawr Hall pool into the Banwy at Brwyn. In 1851, the miller was Owen Owens, a 56 year old native of Mallwyd. The mill must have been quite prosperous at this time as Owens had an assistant, William Lloyd, who also gave his occupation as miller. By 1871 the occupant of the mill was Evan Hughes, an agricultural labourer, implying perhaps that the mill was no longer being worked. Today, there is no trace of the building but the leat is still discernible (Barton, P G, 1999, 45-6).

Location
The site of the mill is located on the floor of the steep-sided valley which runs WSW from Maesmawr Hall to join the River Banwy near Brwyn. A reasonable proportion of the locality is under woodland, but the site itself lies in pasture. The nearest settlement is 'The Glyn' house, less than 50m to the NNE.

Mill buildings
The first edition OS 1:2500 map depicts two buildings on the valley floor, of which the mill is most probably that closest to the stream at the NGR of the record. The millers house was probably the other building, at SJ 14703 08856. No evidence of either building survives. The only part of the mill extant is one granite millstone which has been moved to New House farm, other stones were apparently removed when it was part of a larger estate but their location is unknown.

Water supply
The only surviving evidence of the mill is the mill pond, located on the slope overlooking the mill site
to the NNE at NGR SJ 14738 08857, and which measures 25m ENE/WSW by 8m wide and up to
0.5m deep. Traces of the mill leat which fed the pond can be seen contouring the slope of the valley to the NE, although upstream of the point where it is crossed by a minor road, its course seems to have been taken by a farm track. The leat probably started at about SJ 14902 09012. The present ownerâ€™s family used to live at The Glyn and it seems that water was often in short supply, but it was not feasible to utilise water in Maesmawr Pool. (Hankinson & Silvester, 2012)

Short Text:
This former mill was abandoned in the 19th century and no longer survives.

Historical Value:
Described by CPAT for the Mills and Milling Scheduling Enhancement Programme (2012) and P. Barton in Montgomeryshire Mills (1997-99)


summary:
SECTION OF LANE MADE REDUNDANT AFTER ROAD REALIGNMENT.  NOW INTERGRATED INTO ADJACENT FIELD SYSTEM.  SHOULD NOT BE MISTAKEN FOR SEMI-CIRCULAR EARTHWORK.  NO FURTHER DETAIL.


summary:
This is a medieval welsh hall-house, of half-timbered contruction.

Group Value:
Associated with a Listed traditional barn which stands to the north

Setting:
Henllan Ucha is situated in the shelter of a minor tributary valley of the Afon Banwy at about 125 metres above sea level. The stream runs west to east and passes to the south of the house, the valley descending eastwards to the Banwy. This location appears quite sheltered. The house stands in its own garden and has traditional farm outbuildings to the north and southwest.

ImpactComment:
This house is set low below a minor road and the hedgerows along the roadside, as well as rising ground and further hedgerows and trees to the east-northeast, would block views of the turbine. The turbine would not affect views of the house.


Setting:
Henllan Ucha is situated in the shelter of a minor tributary valley of the Afon Banwy at about 125 metres above sea level. The stream runs west to east and passes to the south of the property, the valley descending eastwards to the Banwy. This location appears quite sheltered. The barn stands on the opposite side of a minor road from the dwelling house, at the southwestern corner of a sloping, pasture field. The barn is closely associated with the house  and the entrances into the barn are from the roadside, facing the house.

ImpactComment:
The blades of the proposed turbine may be visible from the rear of the barn, although rising ground and mature trees in the landscape may well screen or block views of the turbine. The turbine would not impact on the setting of the barn, which is focused on the house and farmyard of Henllan Ucha, or impact on key views of the building.


summary:
Two house platforms at probable site of Moydog Grange (part of Strata Marcella abbey).  The present farm owner states that when he was a child there were remains of stone walls at site 1 (he was 80 in 1992) and there is a family tradition that the former farmhouse stood at this site. At site 2 there are pronounced banks on the steep hillside now much ploughed down.

Reference to grange in Williams, D H 1990, 111. See also PRN 17937 for Moydog Grange.

Description: sub-rectangular terrace aligned N/S (with contours). Slight fan along E side; apron on W probably formed by material taken from interior of the associated enclosure. S end of enclosure forms N end of terrace. S end of terrace is poorly defined, but can be seen to narrow for the last 5m to 3m wide, perhaps suggesting an ancillary structure was located at that end. Site is probably of post medieval date and therefore unlikely to be the site of the former Moydog Grange, more likely that it was one of the named farms nearby. Overall dimensions c.20.0m N/S x 8.6m.

Associations: sunken enclosure to N, measuring c.25m N/S x 20m, 0.5m below adjacent ground surface. Redundant field boundary runs N from NW corner of enclosure.

Location: situated in bowl on steep W facing slope, with sheltering promontory to N.

Short Text:
Determined to be of likely post-medieval date by R.J. Silvester of CPAT when studied for the Deserted Rural Settlements Project.

Historical Value:
Described by CPAT for the Deserted Rural Settlements Project c.1998

Setting:
This earthwork site appears to consist of a earthwork house platform and an associated enclosure bank, both now denuded. The site is situated at about 180 metres above sea level, on the western side of the sheltered valley of a minor tributary stream of the Afon Banwy. The site is now in a pasture field.

ImpactComment:
It seems that mature trees and rising ground are likely to block views of the proposed turbine. The turbine would not impact on the setting of the site within its streamside context.


summary:
Large double-pile house reputedly built in 1692. Walls of brick, roof hipped and steeply pitched contains two floors. There are two main floors and a basement. Original features include wooden well-stair, bolection-moulded panelling and the roof framework. Some 17th century plasterwork. House much altered in 19th century when a rear wing added, partitions changed and the outer walls may have been rebuilt.

Group Value:
Mansion at the heart of a small country estate

Setting:
Maesmawr dates originally to 1689-1692 but underwent alteration during the 19th century and in the 1850s it was turned into hunting estate by William Curling, a Midlands industrialist. The mansion and its gardens and parkland are situated at the head of a minor tributary valley which runs to join the Afon Banwy to the southwest. The house sits within its 19th century parkland. There is also a large lake to the west of the mansion, created in the 1820s.  Outbuildings, including stables, stand to the east of the house and there is a walled garden to the north. There appears to have been an ornamental garden to the west of the house, but this doesn't appear to have survived. The house is approached by a drive from the east, at the entrance to which is a fine red-brick lodge.

The house is now part of a working farm.  The surrounding slopes are generally wooded and the former parkland also retains its open character, broken up by many individual trees and wooded parcels. Large, modern agricultural sheds have been built to the east and north of the mansion and its stables.

ImpactComment:
Woodland to the west of the house would block views towards the turbine. The turbine would not impact on the relationship between the hall and its gardens and parkland.


summary:
A single storey red brick hipped roofed 19th century stable forming part of the stable yard to the east of Maesmawr Hall (prn20245). The south-east-facing elevation has two stable doors to the south-west with a central set of double doors with a large window to its north-east with two further doorways the furthest with a brick arch with a window light similar to those seen in the main stable (prn54016). Changes in the brickwork suggest that these openings are not original and that the building might originally have been open along part of this elevation. The north-west-facing elevation has two louvered windows. The south-west-facing gable has a large square window. The building has a slate roof and is in a good state of repair. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Setting:
This 19th century stable block stands to the east-northeast of Maesmawr Hall. A stable yard is situated to the southern side of the building, with a larger stable block and coach house of slightly earlier date forming the eastern and southern sides of the stable complex. Mature trees surround three sides of the complex, with a range of large, modern agricultural sheds immediately to the east.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees surrounding the building would block views of the turbine. The turbine would have no impact on views of the building or its setting.


summary:
Small building depicted on 1st edition (1886) OS map.  Not shown on modern digital OS mapping, so presumed ruinous or destroyed.


summary:
Farm buildings to rear of Maes-mawr Hall arranged in a U-shape around a yard.

A two-storey 'L' shaped red brick stable and coach house, which forms, along with building prn54016, the 18th/early 19th century stable yard. The south-west-facing elevation has a central false gable with a circular pitching hole above a stable door with a brick arch forming a window light. Two similar doorways can be seen to the north-west and south-east each with an arched small paned window between it and the central false gable, with four circular pitching holes at first floor level. The north-west-facing elevation has two large cart/coach house openings to the south-west and two doorways to the north-east one providing ground floor access to the first floor level via a set of stone steps. At first floor level there are three arched small paned windows. The south-east-facing elevation has a brick chimney to the north-east with an arched stable door with a window light with a single arched window to its south-west with two similar windows first floor level. The north-east-facing elevation has a single doorway opening at first floor level to the north-west. The north-west-facing gable has a single ground floor doorway to the south-west with evidence that part of the building possibly a later lean-to structure has been removed. The south-west-facing gable has two wooden dove or pigeon nest boxes at the top of the gable. Four later tie-beam trusses with pined king posts and raking struts support the single purlin hipped slate roof. The original timber loose boxes have been replaced by later steel and breezeblock divisions. The living area above the coach house section at first floor level retains its original doors and fireplace. The building is in good condition, however, missing or removed windowpanes and damaged guttering are beginning to course some water damage to the interior. (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Aesthetic Value:
Attractive, well-designed, red-brick stable block

Setting:
This late 18th or early 19th century stable block, with an integral coach house, stands to the east-northeast of Maesmawr Hall. A stable yard is situated to the western side of the building. Mature trees surround three sides of the building and yard, with a range of large, modern agricultural sheds immediately to the east.


summary:
Area of parkland surrounding Maes-mawr Hall shown on 1st edition OS map of 1886. Relatively small park but appears to be fairly densely planted with trees at this date. In the north-west section of the park is a large lake which was created by Captain Lloyd Jones in 1820. The garden was designed by Edward Kemp c.1858 (information from Cadw Listed Building database).

The surviving parkland is relatively open with those boundary that are present being modern post and wire fencing and covers an area of roughly 40 hectares. The numbers of trees within the park have dramatically diminished when compared with the 1886 Ordnance survey map however a number of large parkland trees do survive to the north, west and south of the house (prn20245). (CPAT Tir Gofal assessment, 2004)

Evidential Value:
Many parkland features survive in the landscape

Aesthetic Value:
Typical estate parkland landscape. Garden designed by Edward Kemp c.1858

Setting:
This parkland was created during the 19th century and included a large lake to the west of the mansion, an extensive parkland as well as stables to the east of the house and a walled garden to the north. There appears to have been an ornamental garden to the west of the house. The ornamental garden doesn’t appear to have survived, but the other features are recognisable, although the parkland is now divided into field parcels for what is now a working farm. The mansion and its gardens and parkland are situated at the head of a minor tributary valley which runs to join the Afon Banwy to the southwest. The surrounding slopes are generally wooded and the former parkland also retains its open character, broken up by many individual trees and wooded parcels. Large, modern agricultural sheds have been built to the east and north of the mansion and its stables.

ImpactComment:
The upper part of the turbine would be visible from the southern edge of the parkland, along the B4392 road, but at a distance of up to 2km away. Intervening woodland and also parkland trees will screen or block views of the turbine from parts of this area. The turbine would not be visible from much of the parkland however and would not impact on the relationship between the park and the mansion.


summary:
Sub-rectangular motte c25m SW-NE by 30m wide and up to 7m high with the possible remains of the single rampart of a small bailey enclosing an area of about 30m by 40m adjoining its south-western side, the whole in turn lying within the north-east corner of a larger rhombic enclosure c90m NE-SW by 80m defended on all sides except part of south-east side (where it abutts adjacent river) by a single bank and outer ditch with a single entrance in each side. Traces of building foundations apparent in outer enclosure (see OS 1972) are most probably associated with post medieval farmstead (see Arnold, C J & Huggett, J W, 1986).  

It has been postulated that the outer enclosure represents a Dark Age settlement while the motte and bailey are later features (see Arnold, C J & Huggett, J W, 1986).  

The castle is first documented in 1212 and disappears from historical records during the 15th century.

Partial excavation 1985 produced only medieval and post medieval finds (Arnold, C J & Huggett, J W, 1986).

Excavation 1985: motte ditch revetted by stone wall. Bailey levelled up with clay dumps below which were layers of burning (C14 date 700+/-60BP). No dating evidence for outer enclosure (Youngs, S M, Clark, J and Barr, T 1986, 198).

Survey and geophysical survey (1988) with processing by IBM (UK) suggest that relationship between outer enclosure and the motte is ambiguous (Arnold, C J, Huggett, J W, Reilly, P and Springham, C 1988, 73).

Excavation 1989: examined the outer enclosure of the castle and demonstrated that the earlier date is in the 13th century. The outer enclosure was probably that of a manorial enclosure dated after cAD1200 and before cAD 1400 (Arnold, C J and Huggett, J W 1995, 59-74).

Evidential Value:
Denuded earthworks survive, partial excavation has been undertaken

Historical Value:
Described in archaeological and historical sources

Aesthetic Value:
Mentioned in a medieval poem by Cynddelw, which refers to a Battle of Mathrafal and the burning of the castle

Setting:
This medieval motte and bailey castle is situated on the western bank of the Afon Banwy, south of Meifod. It may well have been positioned at a fording point on the river. There is a tradition that a Dark Age "llys" existed at this location, but no evidence for such a site has been found during excavations here in the past. During post-medieval times Mathrafal farmhouse stood to the west of the motte, with a range of farm buildings to the north of the motte. The now denuded earthwork site is now situated in a pasture field. Mathrafal farmhouse had disappeared by the late 19th century but its outbuildings, known as Mathrafal Barns, are still in use, now converted for residential purposes.

ImpactComment:
A band of mature deciduous trees to the western side of the motte and along the riverbank would screen or block views of the turbine during the summer months. During winter, when the leaves have fallen, the turbine is likely to be visible when looking to the east-southeast from the country road which passes to the west of the monument. This would cause a Low, indirect visual impact with a Low impact on the setting of the monument.


summary:
North-east end of three ditched, sub-rectangular enclosure. The south-east part is not visible.  The ditches are 10m to 20m apart. Sited on south-west end of small NE-SW ridge. Whole feature c80m across.   No recognisable earthworks.

Setting:
This cropmark site marks the position of an undated enclosure, now completely ploughed out. It is situated at just under 100 metres above sea level, on a low, narrow ridge which rises from the valley floor to the east of the Afon Banwy. The land is now under pasture and divided up into field parcels as part of the post-medieval field system.

ImpactComment:
It is likely that the turbine blades would be visible to the southeast, but the trees of an intervening woodland plantation are likely to screen much of the view towards the proposed turbine. The date and purpose of the site are not known, but its setting is focused on the valley floor and nearby river, and the apparent defensive qualities of the low ridge on which the monument was constructed.


summary:
SERIES OF INTERSECTING LINEAR CROPMARKS IN MEANDER OF AFON BANWY.  SOME OBVIOUSLY RELATE TO PRESENT FIELD SYSTEM.  REMAINDER PRESUMABLY RELATE TO A PREVIOUS FIELD AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM.

Short Text:
Minor cropmarks associated with a post medieval field system.


summary:
POSS PENANNULAR RING DITCH SOME 25M DIA.  GAP TO SW.  UNCLEAR ON CUAP, AP, 1976 THUS MAY BE FORTUITOUS.

Short Text:
Described as "possibly fortuitous" by CPAT's Prehistoric Funerary and Ritual Sites Project. This crop mark feature has not been proven to be of archaeological interest.

Setting:
Although recorded as a possible ring ditch or hut of prehistoric date, the description of this site suggest that it may just be a fortuitous arrangement of natural features.


summary:
POSS ROUND BARROW.  ABOUT 7M DIA 0.5M HIGH.  SPREAD BY PLOUGHING.  ON W SIDE OF RIDGE CREST. 

Almost certain round barrow located on crest and overlooking the valley to the NW. 17m in diameter and c.1m high (Cadw, 2000).

Setting:
This Round Barrow is situated at 220m above sea level on a northwest facing slope just below the crest of a ridge line. It would appear to be in a false-crest position, just below the crest, in order to enhance its visibility from lower ground to the northwest. The monument is now located within a post-medieval pasture field, defined by hedgerows.

ImpactComment:
The blades of the turbine may well be visible above the trees in the woodland plantation to the southwest of this round barrow, when viewed from the minor road to the northeast. This would cause a Low, indirect, visual impact. The setting of the barrow is focused on views to and from the northwest, however, which means that the turbine would not impact on these views or the essential setting of the barrow.


summary:
FLAT TOPPED NATURAL CRICULAR MOUND SOME 30M ACROSS.  TRADITIONAL GALLOWS SITE BUT WITHOUT CORROBORATION.  DAMAGED BY SILAGE PIT (OS, 1982).

Short Text:
Uncorroborated site, damaged by recent activity, with no archaeological features noted.


summary:
TWO ROUGHLY CIRCULAR MOUNDS ON NATURAL RIDGE (RUNNING E-W) BEING SOME 0.75M HIGH BY 4M DIA AND SOME 0.5M HIGH BY 3M DIA RESPECTIVELY.  ORIG NOTED AS POSS BARROWS BUT APPARENTLY RUBBISH TIPS BELONGING TO TY CERRIG FARM HOUSE (OS, 1982).

Historical Value:
Described by the Ordnance Survey in 1982


Setting:
This post-medieval farmstead stands close to the eastern side of the Afon Banwy, on the valley floor, at about 98 metres above sea level. The farmhouse remains in the same position as shown on later 19th century Ordnance Survey maps, but the historic outbuildings which stood around the farmyard to the north of the house have been replaced by large, modern agricultural sheds.

ImpactComment:
The upper part of the proposed turbine would be visible from the farmstead but would only cause a Very Low, indirect, visual impact on this modern farm complex.


Short Text:
This pond was a minor feature and was destroyed by the 1980s when a new farm building was built here.


