# Site

ImpactComment:
No known archaeological features are known to be associated with this place-name. The field is not likely to be intervisible with the proposed turbines.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would be visible from this location, 1.5km to the north-northwest. The development would not affect the setting of the monument.


ImpactComment:
There is no evidence of a cairn at this location.  On early OS maps this hill is called Llwydcoed and the Penygarn name given to a ridge further to the west.


summary:
Two storey stone house in good condition in 1984. Byre attached to house. Datestone in barn - 1772. Part of the Cawdor estate. RPS August 2001

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would not be intervisible with this dwelling as a steep, wooded slope divides the two locations.


Evidential Value:
Standing building, current status unknown

ImpactComment:
This chapel, which may now be closed, would be intervisible with the proposed turbines, 1.7km to the north-northwest, but the development would not affect the setting of the building.


ImpactComment:
There would be no view from within this quarry towards the proposed turbine site.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are not likely to be visible from within this minor quarry working.


ImpactComment:
This disused quarry lies in a wooded parcel and the trees would block any view towards the proposed turbines.


Evidential Value:
Shown on tithe map, now ruined and hidden in woodland

ImpactComment:
This cottage has fallen into ruin and is now surrounded by woodland which would block the view towards the proposed turbines. would


ImpactComment:
This well may not survive but a bank of higher ground blocks the view from this location towards the proposed turbine sites.


ImpactComment:
No archaeological features are known in association with this place name.


ImpactComment:
This cottage has been demolished and very little evidence of it survives. The most notable feature is the bank of the garden that surrounded it.


summary:
Site of ruined cottage, reduced to wall bases. RPS August 2001

ImpactComment:
This cottage was a ruin by the late 20th century and has now been replaced by a modern house.


ImpactComment:
This ruined cottage stands behind a hedgerow that would partly block the westward view towards the proposed turbines, nearly 900 metres away. The turbines would not affect the setting of the site.


summary:
Cottage shown on 1907 6" OS map, present condition unknown. RPS August 2001

Evidential Value:
Standing building, extended and modernised

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would be visible from here, 1.5km to the north-northwest. The development would not affect the setting of the dwelling, which sits alongside a caravan park.


ImpactComment:
This cottage has been completely removed from the landscape.


summary:
Home of an ancient family from Plas Cilgadfarch. Recorded in the 15-16th century. F. Jones.

Evidential Value:
There is a dwelling at Cilfforest but the location and form of the original dwelling is not known

Historical Value:
Included in Francis Jones' "Historic Carmarthenshire Homes"

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are likely to be visible from the present farmhouse, 530m to the west, although woodland may partly obscure the view in that direction.  The Allt Blaenffos wood lies between the two locations.


summary:
Historic home described by Francis Jones in 1987. RPS September 2001

Historical Value:
Penybuarth was home to the Bruyne family in Elizabethan times

Indirectcomment:
Intervisibility with proposed turbines and cables from the development site

ImpactComment:
The turbines will be clearly visible from Penybuarth, 650m to the east. The cables will cross the valley from Blaenffos to the farm buildings at Penybuarth to connect to the grid as both farms are involved in the proposed development.


summary:
Domestic Weavers Workshop on 1871 Census

Historical Value:
Recorded as a 19th century weaver's cottage

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are unlikely to be visible from this location as higher ground lies to the west of the cottage, blocking the view towards Blaenffos.


summary:
Site of a mid-19th century tollgate, owned by the Newcastle Turnpike Trust. RPS Nov.2002

ImpactComment:
This tollgate had been removed by the late 19th century and no evidence survives in the field today.


ImpactComment:
The cottage faces down the Arad valley towards the proposed turbine site. It is likely that the turbines would be visible at a distance of 1.6km. The development would not affect the setting of this roadside cottage however.


summary:
Site of a 19th century waterwheel used to power a chaff-cutter and threshing-machine at Blaenfforest famstead (M.Ings, 2012)

ImpactComment:
This wheelpit lies in a wooded area and trees would block the view towards the proposed turbines.


Short Text:
Although the early history of the land at Blaenffos is not documented, if it fell within the boundaries of the medieval deer park associated with Newcastle Emlyn castle, then the field system which has developed here must be of post-medieval origin, as the land would previously have been maintained as open ground and woodland.  

The field system shown at Blaenffos on 19th century maps, including the fields in which the proposed turbines would stand has undergone few changes during the past century and a half.  The essential elements of this post-medieval field system are still recognisable today, although some field boundaries have been removed to create larger field parcels.  Most of the fields are defined by well-maintained boundary banks, which consist of relatively low earthwork banks topped by hedgerows.

Directcomment:
The turbines would stand within the field system but would not impact directly on the field boundaries.  The cable trenches would go through a field boundary but can taken beneath them rather than through them.

ImpactComment:
The positioning of two wind turbines at Blaenffos farm would have a low impact on the field system.  Existing trackways would give access to the development site and cable trenches can be cut beneath boundary banks to avoid damage.


Short Text:
There is strong evidence that a medieval deer park, associated with the castle at Newcastle Emlyn, existed on the high ground to the south of Newcastle Emlyn. In 1923, the Rev. Gruffydd Evans documented a tradition that the pale that defined this deer park, thought to be known as Parc Nest, could still be identified in the first half of the 19th century. Local farm names, including Parc Nest, Bwlch y Pâl, Cilfforest, Blaenfforest and Fforest, were said to be evidence of the approximate area of the deer park.  Evans also documents references from a survey of 1532, and from John Leland c.1538, to this deer park. No evidence of the boundaries or extent of such a deer park has been noted in modern times.

ImpactComment:
There is no known evidence of the deer park, apart from documented traditions and some local place names. The land has been enclosed, farmed and settled since early post medieval times, changing the character of the area significantly.

reference:
Evans, Rev. G., 1923,The Story of Newcastle Emlyn and Atpar p.36


Short Text:
Little is known of the earlier history of the land at Blaenffos. There is a strong tradition that the area between Parc Nest farm and the farms of Cilfforest and Blaenfforest, where Blaenffos is found, was occupied by a paled deer park in medieval times (ID number 43).  The deer park belonged to the castle of Newcastle Emlyn.  It seems to have been much reduced in importance by the early 16th century, but as recently as the early 19th century the former boundaries of the deer park were reportedly still traceable.

The farmstead of Blaenffos is not shown on the Newcastle Emlyn map sheet of the 1811 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawing.  The land which is now occupied by Blaenffos is enclosed, with access tracks shown running onto it from the direction of Penybyarth to the west and Cilforest and Blaenforest to the east.

On the 1831 1” to 1 mile scale map, the farmstead is shown but called Pen y ffos.  There are tracks from both Pen y buarth and Cil y fforest onto the land to the north of the farm buildings suggesting that they both had land there. 

On the tithe map of 1839, the farmhouse and fields at Blaenfoes are shown.  The farm was at that time owned by Lord Cawdor and farmed by his tenant, Evan Jones.  The tithe map shows the farm buildings laid out in a similar plan to those at the core of the modern farmstead.  A building is shown where the farmhouse stands, at the southern side of the farmyard, flanked by buildings to the east and west, which create a farmyard area that is open to the north.

The 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows the layout of the farm yard clearly, but the arrangement of the house and outbuildings is remarkably similar to that shown on the 1839 parish tithe map.  Of these 19th century buildings, the house and the outbuilding to the east of the farmyard seem to be still in place today, although they have undoubtedly undergone changes in the past 150 years.  A number of large modern agricultural buildings have extended the farmyard complex to the east, north and west. The 1907 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows an almost identical layout to that shown in 1889.

The 1979 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map is the first to show that modern farm buildings had been added around the historic core of the farmstead.  Some additional buildings have appeared at the eastern and northeastern sides of the farmyard complex since that time.

Although the early history of the land at Blaenffos is not documented, if it fell within the boundaries of the medieval deer park associated with Newcastle Emlyn castle, then the field system which has developed here must be of post-medieval origin, as the land would previously have been maintained as open ground and woodland.

Census Returns
The 1841 census returns show that Blaenffos was a significant holding within a generation of its foundation.  It was at that time farmed by one John Jones, who lived here with his wife Jane, four children aged 9, 6, 4 and 2.  Also present was Esther Jones, presumably a relative, who is recorded as a woman of independent means, and also a Male Servant, a Female Servant and two other Male Servants listed as living in an outbuilding on the farm.

John and Jane Jones still lived at Blaenffos in 1851, when the census records that they farmed 150 acres.  They now had 7 children and employed a male Agricultural Servant and female House Servant.  Both parents are listed as having been born in Penboyr parish.

The 1861 census shows that the Jones family was still at Blaenffos, John and Jane Jones now having 9 children.  No workers were employed here at the time, presumably as the two eldest children, David and John, were aged 26 and 24 and capable of assisting their father on the farm. Blaenffos had increased to 200 acres by this time.

By 1871, we see a dramatic change has occurred at Blaenffos.  The farm was now home to David Jones, aged 35, his wife Ann (from Llandyfriog) and a single female servant.  

The 1881 census shows that David and Ann Jones had 4 children and employed a male and female servant.  Blaenffos is recorded as a 100 acre farm.

Another significant change had occurred at Blaenffos by the time of the 1891 census.  Thomas Jones, one of the younger children of John and Jane Jones, now aged 43, lived here with his wife Rachel and their 7 children, all aged 11 or younger.  Rachel was from Newchurch parish and their eldest 5 children were all born in Cilrhedyn parish, with the youngest children born in Cenarth parish c,1889 and 1890, presumably after the family came to Blaenffos.  A male farm servant was employed to assist on the farm.

The 1901 census shows that the Jones family’s long association with Blaenffos had ended.  A William Davies, aged 23, farmed here with the assistance of one male and one female servant.

The most recent available census returns date to 1911 shows that a John Davies was at Blaenffos, farming with his sisters Mary Jane and Lizzie, employing a servant named Henry Eyre, who was a Londoner.


# backup of sites

ImpactComment:
No known archaeological features are known to be associated with this placename. The field is not likely to be intervisible with the proposed turbines.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would be visible from this location, 1.5km to the north-northwest. The development would not affect the setting of the monument.


ImpactComment:
There is no evidence of a cairn at this location.  On early OS maps this hill is called Llwydcoed and the Penygarn name given to a ridge further to the west.


summary:
Two storey stone house in good condition in 1984. Byre attached to house. Datestone in barn - 1772. Part of the Cawdor estate. RPS August 2001

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would not be intervisible with this dwelling as a steep, wooded slope divides the two locations.


broadclass:
RELIGIOUS RITUAL AND FUNERARY;WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE


Evidential Value:
Standing building, current status unknown

ImpactComment:
This chapel, which may now be closed, would be intervisible with the proposed turbines, 1.7km to the north-northwest, but the development would not affect the setting of the building.


ImpactComment:
There would be no view from within this quarry towards the proposed turbine site.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are not likely to be visible from within this minor quarry working.


ImpactComment:
This disused quarry lies in a wooded parcel and the trees would block any view towards the proposed turbines.


Evidential Value:
Shown on tithe map, now ruined and hidden in woodland

ImpactComment:
This cottage has fallen into ruin and is now surrounded by woodland which would block the view towards the proposed turbines. would


ImpactComment:
This well may not survive but a bank of higher ground blocks the view from this location towards the proposed turbine sites.


ImpactComment:
No archaeological features are known in association with this place name.


ImpactComment:
This cottage has been demolished and very little evidence of it survives. The most notable feature is the bank of the garden that surrounded it.


summary:
Site of ruined cottage, reduced to wall bases. RPS August 2001

ImpactComment:
This cottage was a ruin by the late 20th century and has now been replaced by a modern house.


ImpactComment:
This ruined cottage stands behind a hedgerow that would partly block the westward view towards the proposed turbines, nearly 900 metres away. The turbines would not affect the setting of the site.


summary:
Cottage shown on 1907 6" OS map, present condition unknown. RPS August 2001

Evidential Value:
Standing building, extended and modernised

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines would be visible from here, 1.5km to the north-northwest. The development would not affect the setting of the dwelling, which sits alongside a caravan park.


ImpactComment:
This cottage has been completely removed from the landscape.


summary:
Farmstead described in Archaeologia Cambrensis in 1923. RPS September 2001


summary:
Home of an ancient family from Plas Cilgadfarch. Recorded in the 15-16th century. F. Jones.

Evidential Value:
There is a dwelling at Cilfforest but the location and form of the original dwelling is not known

Historical Value:
Included in Francis Jones' "Historic Carmarthenshire Homes"

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are likely to be visible from the present farmhouse, 530m to the west, although woodland may partly obscure the view in that direction.  The Allt Blaenffos wood lies between the two locations.


summary:
Major dwelling described by Francis Jones in 1987. RPS September 2001


summary:
Historic home described by Francis Jones in 1987. RPS September 2001

Historical Value:
Penybuarth was home to the Bruyne family in Elizabethan times

Indirectcomment:
Intervisibility with proposed turbines and cables from the development site

ImpactComment:
The turbines will be clearly visible from Penybuarth, 650m to the east. The cables will cross the valley from Blaenffos to the farm buildings at Penybuarth to connect to the grid as both farms are involved in the proposed development.


summary:
Domestic Weavers Workshop on 1871 Census

Historical Value:
Recorded as a 19th century weaver's cottage

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbines are unlikely to be visible from this location as higher ground lies to the west of the cottage, blocking the view towards Blaenffos.


name:
NEWCASTLE EMLYN UNION WORKHOUSE;VOELALLT CASTLE

summary:
Workhouse founded in 1838 by Newcastle-in-Emlyn Poor Law Union.  The workhouse became known as Voelallt Castle.  The site is now occupied by a factory but a small part of the original building survives. LB November 2003


summary:
Site of a mid-19th century tollgate, owned by the Newcastle Turnpike Trust. RPS Nov.2002

ImpactComment:
This tollgate had been removed by the late 19th century and no evidence survives in the field today.


ImpactComment:
The cottage faces down the Arad valley towards the proposed turbine site. It is likely that the turbines would be visible at a distance of 1.6km. The development would not affect the setting of this roadside cottage however.


summary:
Site of a 19th century waterwheel used to power a chaff-cutter and threshing-machine at Blaenfforest famstead (M.Ings, 2012)

ImpactComment:
This wheelpit lies in a wooded area and trees would block the view towards the proposed turbines.


Short Text:
Although the early history of the land at Blaenffos is not documented, if it fell within the boundaries of the medieval deer park associated with Newcastle Emlyn castle, then the field system which has developed here must be of post-medieval origin, as the land would previously have been maintained as open ground and woodland.  

The field system shown at Blaenffos on 19th century maps, including the fields in which the proposed turbines would stand has undergone few changes during the past century and a half.  The essential elements of this post-medieval field system are still recognisable today, although some field boundaries have been removed to create larger field parcels.  Most of the fields are defined by well-maintained boundary banks, which consist of relatively low earthwork banks topped by hedgerows.

ImpactComment:
The positioning of two wind turbines at Blaenffos farm would have a low impact on the field system.  Existing trackways would give access to the development site and cable trenches can be cut beneath boundary banks to avoid damage.


Short Text:
There is strong evidence that a medieval deer park, associated with the castle at Newcastle Emlyn, existed on the high ground to the south of Newcastle Emlyn. In 1923, the Rev. Gruffydd Evans documented a tradition that the pale that defined this deer park, thought to be known as Parc Nest, could still be identified in the first half of the 19th century. Local farm names, including Parc Nest, Bwlch y Pâl, Cilfforest, Blaenfforest and Fforest, were said to be evidence of the approximate area of the deer park.  Evans also documents references from a survey of 1532, and from John Leland c.1538, to this deer park. No evidence of the boundaries or extent of such a deer park has been noted in modern times.

reference:
Evans, Rev. G., 1923,The Story of Newcastle Emlyn and Atpar p.36

ImpactComment:
There is no known evidence of the deer park, apart from documented traditions and some local place names. The land has been enclosed,farmed and settled since early post medieval times, changing the character of the area significantly.


Short Text:
Little is known of the earlier history of the land at Blaenffos. There is a strong tradition that the area between Parc Nest farm and the farms of Cilfforest and Blaenfforest, where Blaenffos is found, was occupied by a paled deer park in medieval times (ID number 43).  The deer park belonged to the castle of Newcastle Emlyn.  It seems to have been much reduced in importance by the early 16th century, but as recently as the early 19th century the former boundaries of the deer park were reportedly still traceable.

The farmstead of Blaenffos is not shown on the Newcastle Emlyn map sheet of the 1811 Ordnance Survey Original Surveyors Drawing.  The land which is now occupied by Blaenffos is enclosed, with access tracks shown running onto it from the direction of Penybyarth to the west and Cilforest and Blaenforest to the east.

On the 1831 1” to 1 mile scale map, the farmstead is shown but called Pen y ffos.  There are tracks from both Pen y buarth and Cil y fforest onto the land to the north of the farm buildings suggesting that they both had land there. 

On the tithe map of 1839, the farmhouse and fields at Blaenfoes are shown.  The farm was at that time owned by Lord Cawdor and farmed by his tenant, Evan Jones.  The tithe map shows the farm buildings laid out in a similar plan to those at the core of the modern farmstead.  A building is shown where the farmhouse stands, at the southern side of the farmyard, flanked by buildings to the east and west, which create a farmyard area that is open to the north.

The 1889 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows the layout of the farm yard clearly, but the arrangement of the house and outbuildings is remarkably similar to that shown on the 1839 parish tithe map.  Of these 19th century buildings, the house and the outbuilding to the east of the farmyard seem to be still in place today, although they have undoubtedly undergone changes in the past 150 years.  A number of large modern agricultural buildings have extended the farmyard complex to the east, north and west. The 1907 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map shows an almost identical layout to that shown in 1889.

The 1979 1:2500 Ordnance Survey map is the first to show that modern farm buildings had been added around the historic core of the farmstead.  Some additional buildings have appeared at the eastern and northeastern sides of the farmyard complex since that time.

Although the early history of the land at Blaenffos is not documented, if it fell within the boundaries of the medieval deer park associated with Newcastle Emlyn castle, then the field system which has developed here must be of post-medieval origin, as the land would previously have been maintained as open ground and woodland.

Census Returns
The 1841 census returns show that Blaenffos was a significant holding within a generation of its foundation.  It was at that time farmed by one John Jones, who lived here with his wife Jane, four children aged 9, 6, 4 and 2.  Also present was Esther Jones, presumably a relative, who is recorded as a woman of independent means, and also a Male Servant, a Female Servant and two other Male Servants listed as living in an outbuilding on the farm.

John and Jane Jones still lived at Blaenffos in 1851, when the census records that they farmed 150 acres.  They now had 7 children and employed a male Agricultural Servant and female House Servant.  Both parents are listed as having been born in Penboyr parish.

The 1861 census shows that the Jones family was still at Blaenffos, John and Jane Jones now having 9 children.  No workers were employed here at the time, presumably as the two eldest children, David and John, were aged 26 and 24 and capable of assisting their father on the farm. Blaenffos had increased to 200 acres by this time.

By 1871, we see a dramatic change has occurred at Blaenffos.  The farm was now home to David Jones, aged 35, his wife Ann (from Llandyfriog) and a single female servant.  

The 1881 census shows that David and Ann Jones had 4 children and employed a male and female servant.  Blaenffos is recorded as a 100 acre farm.

Another significant change had occurred at Blaenffos by the time of the 1891 census.  Thomas Jones, one of the younger children of John and Jane Jones, now aged 43, lived here with his wife Rachel and their 7 children, all aged 11 or younger.  Rachel was from Newchurch parish and their eldest 5 children were all born in Cilrhedyn parish, with the youngest children born in Cenarth parish c,1889 and 1890, presumably after the family came to Blaenffos.  A male farm servant was employed to assist on the farm.

The 1901 census shows that the Jones family’s long association with Blaenffos had ended.  A William Davies, aged 23, farmed here with the assistance of one male and one female servant.

The most recent available census returns date to 1911 shows that a John Davies was at Blaenffos, farming with his sisters Mary Jane and Lizzie, employing a servant named Henry Eyre, who was a Londoner.


