# SAMs_5km

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would not be visible from this location as coniferous trees would block views towards the turbine. The turbine would not impact on views of the ring cairn or affect its setting.

Setting:
This Bronze Age ring cairn is situated on a local summit overlooking the deeply incised Nant Cwmtarw valley to the southwest.  It now lies within a large coniferous plantation and, even though the ring cairn is now managed within a small unplanted area, the surrounding trees isolate it from the local landscape.


ImpactComment:
This hillfort appears to face the northeast and east and it is unlikely that views towards the turbine to the south-southwest would be gained, especially as the site is surrounded by coniferous forestry.  The turbine would have no impact on the relationship with other Iron Age settlements along the Ystwyth valley (Penycastell CDO24 and Coed Ty'n y Cwm CD125) or interfere with any views towards Gaer Fawr to the southwest (CD050).

Setting:
This Iron Age hillfort sits on the crown of a rounded hill, but seems to have been positioned just to the northeast of the summit, giving it views towards the Ystywth valley to the northeast and east. The site has been incorporated into a coniferous forest plantation in modern times, although the hillfort itself is no longer overplanted and is managed as an open area. Trees have been planted immediately outside the rampart however, isolating the monument from the landscape.


ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible on much lower ground at distance but would cause only a minimal visual impact. It would have no affect on views of the settlement site or on the setting of the features on Hafod Ithel, or their relationship with related features on the same hill.

Setting:
This group of medieval settlement features is found on a northeast facing slope, just to the east of the summit of Hafod Ithel hill. This position gave the settlement a degree of shelter from prevailing winds and excellent views over the landscape to the northeast. The site is not very denuded and most of earthworks, found in an area of unimproved, upland pasture.


ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible on much lower ground at distance but would cause only a minimal visual impact. It would have no affect on views of the two cairns or on their essential setting.

Setting:
This pair of Bronze Age cairns are found either side of the summit of Hafod Ithel hill, 180m apart on a north-northeast to south-southwest line. This position gave them excellent views over the landscape, the northern cairn looking generally northwards and the southern cairn looking generally southwards. They are now found in an area of unimproved, upland pasture.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible to the northeast but would only cause a Very Low visual impact. It would not impact on views of the cairn or affect its setting. Larger turbines already stand nearby on Mynydd Bach, to the northwest, which is much closer to this cairn that Henbant.

Setting:
This Bronze Age ring cairn is situated on top of a local summit, with 360 degree views of the local landscape. It now lies within an enclosed pasture field.


ImpactComment:
Only the top or blade tips of the proposed turbine would be visible from this site, causing minimal visual impact. Views of the hillfort and its essential setting would not be affected by the turbine.

PublicAccess:
Visible from the public road to the north

Setting:
This small hillfort is situated on a narrow ridge between two stream valleys and its aspect would appear to be focused to the west, towards lower ground where Llangwyryfon village now stands. It may be associated with a group of Iron Age hillforts further northest along the Ystwyth valley but is not intervisible with them, nor with the larger Gaer Fawr (CD050) which lies further to the east up the Wyre valley. The site is now very denuded and lies within an improved pasture field, with some gorse and scrub now growing over its banks.


ImpactComment:
This record relates to a group of at least 28 cairns within a Bronze Age cairnfield on a south-facing slope which would not be intervisible with the proposed turbine. Cadw have extended the scheduled area to include a summit cairn to the north-northeast of this group, which may just have a view towards the turbine, although the distance involved and the difference in altitude (the turbine would be set on much lower ground and the upland bloc of Hafod Ithel may well block views towards it in reality) suggests that only a very minimal visual impact would be caused by the development.

Setting:
A group of Bronze Age cairns within a cairnfield on a south-facing slope of Hafod Ithel, possible associated with a contemporary field system. The land here is now managed as unimproved upland pasture.


ImpactComment:
This site lies within the Llangwyryfon wind farm and has turbines and access tracks positioned close by.  Two turbines to the east-northeast lay almost on the line of sight towards the much more distant proposed turbine at Henbant. The proposed turbine would cause a very minimal visual impact and have no impact on views of the enclosures or their already much altered setting.

Setting:
This series of enclosures were established on high ground on Mynydd Bach and presumably relate to pastoral farming on what would have been mountain pasture in medieval times. The area was enclosed in the 19th century and the pasture subsequently improved. In the later 20th century the Llangwyryfon wind farm was established and two large wind turbines stand close to the earthworks and their access tracks run within 20 metres of the site.


ImpactComment:
This stone is kept inside the church porch, set into the floor, and would have no view of the turbine or be affected by it in any way.

Setting:
This Early Medieval stone now stands inside the porch of the present church building, to where it was moved for safe-keeping. Its original setting is not known.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine may just be visible to the northeast from this site, although the land does rise slightly to the north of the cairn and may reduce or block the view towards the turbine. The cairn was position to look south or southwest, not to the northeast, and seems to be deliberately positioned just to the south of the hilltop in order to accentuate views of the monument from lower ground to the south. The turbine would not affect these views and would therefore not affect the essential setting of the monument, as it would not be visible from the lower ground to the south.

PublicAccess:
Visible from the public road to the west

Setting:
This cairn lies just to the south of the hilltop and would appear to be in a "false-crest" position, which suggests that it's optimum views would be from the south or southwest. The cairn is now rather denuded but is still visible within an improved pasture field.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible on the horizon from the hillfort, but the relatively small scale of the turbine and the distance from the hillfort would suggest that its visual impact would be minimal. It would not interrupt views between the hillfort and any other Iron Age settlements within view in the district.  The turbine would not be intervisible from the enclosure to the north, as the hill summit blocks the line of sight.

Setting:
This SAM consists of two separate monuments. An Iron Age hillfort stands on the summit of a promontory overlooking the confluence of the Ystwyth and Nant Adail. It has a 360 degree due to the prominent nature of the summit and seems to have been positioned to overlook the Ystywth valley, perhaps also to be intervisible with hillforts to the south, such as Gaer Fawr to the southeast.  The second monument is to the north of the hillfort and the summit and on a north-facing slope overlooking the Ystwyth valley. It may be a Romano-British settlement created after the abandonment of the hillfort. The hillfort on the summit is now overgrown with scrub, whilst the enclosure to the north lies in an improved pasture field.


ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible at distance from this location, although coniferous plantations close to the northern and eastern enclosures may interefere with the view to some extent. The relativley small scale of the turbine suggests it would cause only a minimal visual impact. The turbine would not interfere with the relationship between these three neighbouring "camps" nor with the larger hillforts to the west and southwest. The turbine will have no impact on views of CD125.

Setting:
This scheduled site consists of three neighbouring, small Iron Age defended enclosures situated in a block of high ground defined by the Nant Magwr to the north, Nany Pantyrhaidd to the south and the Ystwyth valley (at Abermagwr) to the west. They would appear to be positioned to take advantage of the defensive qualities of a series of local summits overlooking the forementioned valleys and also may well be associated with a line of Iron Age hillforts along the southern side of the Ystwyth west of this postion. These include  (Penycastell CDO24 and Coed Ty'n y Cwm CD125) and Gaer Fawr (CD050), which lies further to the south.


# P&Gs_5km

DESIGNATIO:
Listed buildings: Trawsgoed (grade II*); ornamental fountain (grade II); terrace wall & steps to south-west of house (grade II); stables (grade II); lodge (grade II); main drive entrance & flanking walls (grade II). Scheduled Ancient Monument: Roman

REASONFORG:
The survival of the park & garden of one of the most important houses in west Wales. The garden dates mainly to the late nineteenth century. It includes some very fine specimen conifers, a grand fountain & a small Japanese water garden. The park is now

SITETYPE:
Formal & informal gardens; Japanese garden; pleasure grounds; kitchen garden.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible at distance from a small area in the northeasternmost fields of the Trawsgoed parkland. The relatively small scale of the turbine and the distance between the two locations mean that the visual impact would be Very Low. The turbine would not affect views of the parkland or impact on its setting.

Setting:
The Registered Park & Garden associated with Trawsgoed mansion includes the formal gardens surrounding to the mansion, which is situated on a terrace above the western banks of the Afon Ystwyth. The mansion had an extensive area of parkland, which still survives in the modern landscape, extending northeastwards up the valley slope in a series of large field parcels. Some fields still have scattered mature trees growing within them and occasional, small, coniferous plantations, particularly on the higher ground at the northeastern end of the parkland.


# Site

Short Text:
A section of Roman road was excavated by Iestyn Jones of Archaeology Wales in 2013. It evidently ran northwards to the fort at Trawsgoed. It would have run southwards to Llanio and ultimately further north to Pennal, near Machynlleth. The line of the road passes the site of a cottage known as Sarn Elen, to the north of Penlan  farm.

Group Value:
A section of the Llanio to Pennal Roman road

Evidential Value:
Section excavated and Roman road revealed in 2013

Historical Value:
Described in archaeological sources, excavation televised by S4C

ImpactComment:
The Roman road is not a visible feature in the local landscape therefore the turbine, which would be visible from along the line of the road, would not impact on views of it or its essential setting  and would cause only a minimal visual impact to the landscape.

Setting:
This Roman Road evidently ran northwards to the fort at Trawsgoed. It would have run south to Llanio and ultimately further north to Pennal, near Machynlleth.  Only parts of its course have been identified and it now lies beneath the post-medieval field system which covers the region.

Distance:
1km to the south-southwest of the turbine


Short Text:
The first detailed map of the field system of Henbant farm is the Llanfihangel Lledrod parish tithe map of 1845. This shows that the field system was already in existence. This field system has changed little since the 1840s. A number of large field parcels at the eastern side of the holding have been further subdivided into smaller parcels over the intervening 170 years but there is little evidence of the removal of boundary banks to create larger fields. The 1888 1:2500 scale Ordnance Survey map shows that the field system around the turbine site was similar to that shown on the 1845 tithe map. The 1907 edition of the map shows a similar picture. The boundary banks of the post-medieval field system include, on the higher fields to the north of the farmyard, low earthwork banks along which post and wire fences have been erected. Closer to the farmyard, on the lower fields, hedgerows and mature hedgerow trees are also found. Typically the banks are less than 1 metre high and 1 metre to 1.5  metres wide at base.

Directcomment:
The turbine will stand within the field system and its access track and cable trench will also cross the land here.

Indirectcomment:
The turbine will be visible from much of the field system.

ImpactComment:
Although the turbine will stand within one of the fields of this field system, it will have a Low physical impact. Access will be via an existing track and the cable trench will be cut along the same line. The visual impact on the post-medieval landscape around the turbine will also be Low.

Setting:
This post medieval field system was created around Henbant farmstead in post-medieval times, on slopes and a hilltop to the northeast of Lledrod parish church and the Wyre valley.


Short Text:
This farm track appears to be shown on the 1834 1 inch to 1 mile scale OS map. It runs from the farmyard at Henbant, up the slope to the northeast to access the upper fields of the holding. It now passes through a small area of woodland above the farmyard. In this wood it crosses a minor stream which flows through a small valley towards the farmyard. The woodland is not shown on 19th century maps.

Directcomment:
This track may be used to access the turbine site during construction

ImpactComment:
This trackway has developed through continued use, rather than being a constructed feature. It has not been metalled.

Setting:
This farm track appears to be shown on the 1834 1 inch to 1 mile scale OS map. It runs from the farmyard at Henbant, up the slope to the northeast to access the upper fields of the holding. It now passes through a small area of woodland above the farmyard. In this wood it crosses a minor stream which flows through a small valley towards the farmyard. The woodland is not shown on 19th century maps.


summary:
There may have been a standing stone here in the past, but the record is only of a 2m long stone slab in a field corner that was broken up to fill holes in a bank c.1970.

ImpactComment:
No standing stone has ever been seen at this location and the record is based on place name evidence alone.

Setting:
This record is based on a placename and no standing stone has been recorded at this location. A recumbent stone which was noted in the corner of the field was broken up in 1970 but its significance is not known.


summary:
A glacial mound with burnt debris up to 0.15m deep on the north side. There used to be a spring c.40m away from the mound. JH based on GW 1995

Evidential Value:
Burnt "debris" noted in 1994, on a "glacial mound"

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from this location but the feature here is already denuded by ploughing and has had its setting changed by 19th century agricultural improvement and modern expansion of the nearby farm complex. Only a minimal visual impact would result from the development.

Setting:
This supposed burnt mound was originally situated some 40m from a spring. Its original landscape setting is not known but it now lies in an improved pasture field, about 30m northwest of Penlan farm.

Distance:
560m to the south-southwest of the turbine


summary:
Gaer Fawr is a bivallate fort, situated on the summit of a rounded hill at 280m above sea level. The land falls away steeply on all side, but particularly so to the south, down to the floor of a minor valley 190m below. The fort is roughly rectangular in

Group Value:
One of several Iron Age defended enclosures in the district

Evidential Value:
Denuded earthwork site, in relatively good condition

Historical Value:
Described in historical and archaeological sources

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible from the southern side of the hillfort. It would not impact on key views of the monument or on its setting nor lie between the fort and other Iron Age sites to the west and north.

Setting:
Gaer Fawr is situated on a local summit of an east-west ridge, from where 360 degree views are gained of the surrounding landscape. It may well have been contemporary with other hillforts such as Gaer Argoed (CD 051) to the west and Coed Allt Fedw Camp to the north (CD 025). The fort is now a denuded earthwork, but still visible in the landscape, the land being used for pasture.


summary:
A possible standing stone, although its identification as an ancient monument is in doubt. RPS 2003.

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from this location but would cause only a minimal visual impact and would not affect key views of the stone or its setting.

Setting:
This possible standing stone is found in an area of pastureland on a prominent ridge, to the east of Gaer Fawr hillfort. It is not thought likely to be an antiquity and stands at the juncture of two post-medieval field boundary banks.


summary:
Findspot of a bronze axe, reported in 1930.

Evidential Value:
Bronze Age axe-head found here in 1917 and removed from the site

ImpactComment:
The artefact has been removed from the site and the exact findspot not known. There would be no impact on this site.

Setting:
The precise find spot has not been recorded, only an approximate location given. The palstave axe-head was found in a field c.200m to the east of Sarn Elen farm during ploughing in 1917.


summary:
A quartz monolith, 1.25m high. Possibly not an antiquity. RPS 2003.

ImpactComment:
The grid-reference given places this stone to the north of the ridge line and therefore out of view of the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This monolith stands at the northern edge of the Gaer Fawr Iron Age hillfort. It is thought likely to be a modern addition to the landscape.


summary:
On the ground this site, originally considered an Iron Age enclosure, was shown to be a series of braided tracks. K Murphy 2004.

ImpactComment:
This site was erroneously identified as a possible hillfort in the past but discounted when it was realised the earthworks were simple created by the braiding of recent trackways. Not an antiquity.

Setting:
This site was erroneously identified as a possible hillfort in the past but discounted when it was realised the earthworks were simple created by the braiding of recent trackways. Not an antiquity.


summary:
A "llys" placename suggested as possibly the location of a medieval court (llys) and shown on William Rees' map of South Wales & Border in the 14th century, published in 1932. However, it is known now as Lluest Newydd, and its position on marginal hill l

Evidential Value:
Placename only, but "lluest", not "llys"

Historical Value:
Erroneously shown on William Rees' Map of South Wales and the Borders in the 14th century

ImpactComment:
This record is for a "llys" placename which appears to be a misinterpretation of a "lluest" placename. No archaeological features are associated with the placename.

Setting:
This record is for a "llys" placename which appears to be a misinterpretation of a "lluest" placename. No archaeological features are associated with the placename.


summary:
An iron road bridge inscribed with the name of the engineers JS Ellis & Co, dated to 1896.

ImpactComment:
This bridge no longer survives and has been replaced by a modern structure.

Setting:
A cast-iron bridge was built across the Afon Wyre, in Lledrod village, in 1896 but replaced by a modern bridge after 1979. The original bridge has been destroyed.


summary:
A road bridge, with a stone inscribed C.C. 1898 on its parapet.

ImpactComment:
Trees to the northeast of the bridge would screen or block any view of the turbine.

Setting:
A minor bridge which carries the A485 over the upper Wyre at Cwmyrolchfa. It seems to date to the mid-19th century as the 1820 and 1834 OS maps shown the river running across the road here. The present bridge appears to be a modern construction.


summary:
A mill leat associated with an old corn mill, shown on the 1963 Ordnance Survey map.

Evidential Value:
Historic mapping, probably now a denuded earthwork in woodland

ImpactComment:
This feature is hidden in woodland alongside the Afon Wyre and would not be intervisible with the proposed turbine

Setting:
This mill race was fed by the Afon Wyre,  to the south of Felin Lledrod, and carried water for some 200m to a mill pond near the mill building.


summary:
Lledrod village school. A Victorian building which has been modified over time.  Still in use when seen in 2003.

Short Text:
This village school has closed and was for sale in 2014.

Group Value:
An historic building within Lledrod village

ImpactComment:
The upper part of the turbine would be visible from the northeastern end of the building but mature trees on the slope rising to the east would be likely to screen or block views towards the turbine from the remainder of the property. The turbine would not affect views of the former school or its setting.

Setting:
This 19th century village school stands at the northern edge of Lledrod. A school house stands to the rear of the school. Both were for sale in 2014 and the school had been closed.


summary:
A smithy shown on the 1963 Ordnance Survey map. Present use and condition unknown.

Short Text:
The smithy marked on the 2nd edition 1:2500 OS map of 1905 is not identifiable today.

ImpactComment:
This building does not appear to have survived and may have been replaced with a modern structure.

Setting:
This smithy is shown on the 1905 1:2500 edition ma, at the eastern end of a row of three terraced cottages or buildings at the northwestern edge of Lledrod village. The smithy building may have been replaced or incorporated into the easternmost cottage during the 20th century but is not recognisable today.


summary:
A Calvinistic Methodist chapel. The cause was founded as early as 1745 and the first chapel built in 1755. The building was in good repair when seen in 2003.

Group Value:
A chapel house stands alongside the chapel

Aesthetic Value:
Typical gable entry nonconformist chapel

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from the rear of the chapel but would not impact on key views of the building or its setting.

Setting:
Rhydlwyd chapel was first built in 1755 but the present building dates to 1899. It stands in a roadside position, with the chapel house to its northern side. It does not have an attached burial ground.


summary:
A minor quarry shown on the 1964 Ordnance Survey map.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible from this location but cause only a minimal visual impact on this minor, disused quarry.

Setting:
This minor quarry dates to the 19th century and was worked into the side of an east-facing slope, facing Lledrod and the Wyre valley. It has long been disused.


summary:
A minor gravel pit shown on the 1964 Ordnance Survey map.

ImpactComment:
An adjacent building would block any views of the turbine.

Setting:
This 20th century gravel pit was located just south of the farm buildings at Rattal Fawr.


summary:
The present parish church in Lledrod village.  Built in its present form in 1883.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees would block views towards the turbine and modern housing developments also stand in the line of sight. From the turbine site the roof of the church is visible, but ground level views back to the turbine would not be possible. There would be no impact on setting or views of the church.

Setting:
St Michael's church existed in medieval times and was named in the Taxatio of 1291. Its foundation date is not known but it was situated on a terrace to the east of the Afon Wyre, in a sheltered, valley location and served the parish of Llanfihangel Lledrod through later medieval and post-medieval times. The medieval church was demolished in the early 19th century and replaced with an entirely new building, which was itself restored in 1893. This building is still in use today, standing in the churchyard and surrounded by mature evergreen trees.


summary:
Historic home mentioned by SR Meyrick in his 1810 volume "History of Cardiganshire." RPS October 2001

Historical Value:
SR Meyrick apparently refers to Bryngarw in his "History of Cardiganshire"

ImpactComment:
A modern shed stands to the west of the house and would block views towards the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This small farmstead was established on high ground to the west of the upper reaches of the Grognant valley, the stream of which feeds the Nant Cleirch before reaching the Ystwyth near Trawsgoed, to the north. The land rises to the southwest, south and east of the farmyard, falling away northwards suggesting that the best views were towards the Ystwyth valley and higher ground offered shelter from prevailing winds. The farm is shown on the 1820 OS Original Surveyors Drawings map  and later 19th century maps show it to be a small holding, with the house associated only with a single attached byre to its northern side. The house appears to still stand in the same position, although the byre seems to have been reroofed during the early 19th century. A small number of 20th century farm sheds stand to the west and east of the house, but it remains a small group of buildings.


summary:
A threshing floor or winnowing site reported in 1990. Present condition unknown.

Short Text:
Two bungalows were built on this land c.1990, and their garden areas were landscaped, which would appear to have destroyed the feature reported.

Group Value:
Possibly associated with the neighbouring corn mill

ImpactComment:
This site is not thought to survive and has been built over.

Setting:
This feature was reported as a winnowing site to DAT in 1990. It seems to have been situated on a small hillock to the east of the access lane to the former corn mill in the village of Lledrod. The site was developed for housing shortly afterwards and the feature probably removed or built over.

Distance:
620m to the west-southwest of the turbine


summary:
Site of a small corn mill, with associated mill-race (PRN 18962) and pond, recorded on the historic Ordnance Survey maps. Built of stone rubble and slate roofed. Recorded in 1991 (Parkinson) to have had an overshot wheel driving two pairs of stones. Last

Short Text:
The modernisation of this building in the late 20th century has seen the creation of a much larger dwelling which may incorporate elements of the old corn mill, but its character is very much that of a modern house.

Evidential Value:
Historic mapping and documentary sources

ImpactComment:
High ground and modern houses to the east of the former mill block any view towards the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This former corn mill was powered by water taken from the Afon Wyre and carried northwards via a leat to a mill pond which formerly existed to the southeast of the corn mill building. The mill stood between the heart of the village of Lledrod and St. Michael's Parish church to the south. The site has been transformed since 1990 by the conversion of the corn mill into a much larger house and the landscaping of its surrounding land to create a garden area for the dwelling.

Distance:
625m to the west-southwest of the turbine


summary:
Not found. Information supplied to G. Williams during the field visit to PRN 1982 by a Mr Herbert.  The site lies on ground sloping to the west, in a pasture field formerly ploughed (as stated by Mr Herbert and as confirmed by a lynchet built up against

ImpactComment:
The precise location and true character of the burnt soil reported by the landowner has not been accurately plotted or verified and no field evidence has been found as any burnt mound here has long been ploughed out. No assessment of impact can be made.

Setting:
This feature has not been seen by archaeologists but was reported by the landowner in 1994. It had previously been noticed after ploughing and ditch clearance but no trace of it was found in 1994 and it had either been badly damaged or destroyed. The field is still maintained as improved pasture.


Aesthetic Value:
Listed as a good example of a small 19th century farmhouse

ImpactComment:
The house faces to the northwest, away from the turbine. Outbuildings to the southeast of the house may block views of the turbine, which would not impact on views of the house or its setting.

Setting:
Neuadd stands alongside a minor rural road to the northwest of Lledrod village. The 1843 tithe map shows it as a cottage on Ty'n y Coed Farm, but it seems to have developed into a small holding in its own right thereafter and the farmhouse is associated with several 20th century outbuildings.

Distance:
1.3km to the west-northwest of the turbine


summary:
Farmstead recorded in 2014 by Cambrian Mountains Initiative

Evidential Value:
Working farmstead. Apparently examined by the Cambrian Mountains Initiative in 2014

ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine would be visible from parts of the holding but would cause a Very Low visual impact and have no effect on views of the farm buildings or their setting.

Setting:
This farmstead is not shown on the 1820 OS Original Surveyors Drawings map but appears on the 1845 parish tithe map. It was built alongside the road now known as the A485 during the intervening years. The farm is still apparently working and has a modern dwelling to the north of the historic farmyard area, as well as some modern farm sheds to the south of the original farmyard.


summary:
Smallholding recorded in 2014 by Cambrian Mountains Initiative

Evidential Value:
Standing building. Apparently examined by the Cambrian Mountains Initiative in 2014

ImpactComment:
Mature trees block views from this location towards the proposed turbine.

Setting:
This smallholding was established by the early 19th century on the northern side of Cwmyrolchfa, a minor valley which opens out to the north to become the Wyre valley. It is shown on the 1820 OS surveyors drawings map. Today a small cottage and small outbuilding stand at the site, at the side of the A485 road.


Aesthetic Value:
This appears to be a planned Victorian group of farmstead buildings

Setting:
Berthdomlyd is shown on the 1820 OS surveyors drawings map at a location some 200m to the east of the present farmyard. By the 1880s a new farmhouse and neatly arranged group of outbuildings had appeared and the old farmstead abandoned and its site cleared. The present, 19th century building group is well-sheltered by surrounding deciduous woodland and stands close to the A485 road.


ImpactComment:
The proposed turbine is likely to be visible from parts of the farmstead but would cause only minimal visual impact.

Setting:
This farmstead is situated on a terrace to the east of the Afon Wyre, with the land rising sharply to the east. The land also rises gently to the north, but the top of the turbine may be visible from parts of the farmstead.

Distance:
910m to the south-southwest of the turbine


ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible from parts of the farmstead but only cause a minimal visual impact and would not impact on views of historic elements  or their settings.

Setting:
Penlan is a post-medieval farmstead, established in a relatively high position on a slope overlooking the Afon Wyre valley to the west, just west of Lledrod village. The farmstead is depicted on all OS maps since the early 19th century and by the late 19th century took the form of a farmhouse and one linear outbuilding close by to its eastern side, set within a fieldscape of large, regular fields. The parish tithe map of the 1840s shows a rather different layout to the field system, particularly to the north of the farmyard. During the later 20th century the farmyard area changed dramatically also. The farmhouse seems to stand in the same position as shown on the 1888 1:2500 OS map, and the linear outbuilding shown on that map also seems to stand to the east of the house. These two buildings are now surrounded by large, modern agricultural sheds which have appeared as the holding has expanded and modernised.

Distance:
630m to the south-southeast of the turbine


Short Text:
The original farmhouse and byre range, which were the only buildings of substance shown on the 1888 and 1905 1:2500 OS maps at Henbant, have been demolished. A new house was in place to the southwest of the original farmhouse by 2011. The property is apparently still being farmed, but now has only a small number of 20th century outbuildings around the farmyard area.

Evidential Value:
Apparently examined by the Cambrian Mountains Initiative in 2014

Directcomment:
The turbine would stand within a field on the holding and its cable trench and access track would cross the land

Indirectcomment:
The turbine would be visible from other parts of the holding and in views of the holding

ImpactComment:
The historic buildings associated with Henbant no longer survive. 20th century sheds and a modern house now stand around the farmyard area. Steeply rising ground and trees to the northern side of the farmyard would block views towards the turbine. The trackway and cable trench can be installed without damaging historic landscape features.

Setting:
Henbant is a post-medieval farmstead, established on a natural terrace in the valley slope to the north of the Afon Wyre, just west of Lledrod village. It overlooks the parish church to the west-southwest, but the land rises to the north of the farmyard and is partially wooded. The farmstead is depicted on all OS maps since the early 19th century but its 19th century house and attached byre were demolished in the early 21st century and a new house built on adjacent land.


ImpactComment:
The top of the proposed turbine would be likely to be visible from this location, but mature deciduous trees up the slope to the east of the house are likely to screen views of the turbine. Key views of Waun Helyg house and its setting should not be affected.

Setting:
This post-medieval smallholding stands alongside the A485 at the northern edge of Lledrod village.


ImpactComment:
It is unlikely that more than the blade tips of the turbine would be visible from here. Mature trees to the west of the buildings would screen or block views and the turbine would have no impact on views of the property or its setting.

Setting:
This farmstead is situated on the upper slope to the eastern side of the Grognant valley. Views would be possible from this location northwards along the valley towards  Trawsgoed and the Ystywth valley. Brynarth is no longer a working farmstead and it is now managed as a Guest House.

Distance:
1.9km to the east-southeast of the turbine


# LBs_5km

LOCATION:
Situated on B4340 some 750m S of Tynygraig, in junction with by-road which runs W to Lledrod.


LOCATION:
Situated in own grounds on E side of Afon Ystwyth, approached by drive from lodge some 150m N of Pont Trawsgoed.


NAME:
Ornamental fountain and basin at Trawsgoed House

LOCATION:
Situated in centre of lawn to SW of mansion.


NAME:
Terrace wall and steps at foot of lawn to SW of Trawsgoed House

LISTED_AS:
Terrace wall and steps to SW of Trawscoed House

LOCATION:
Situated at end of formal lawn, giving access to more informal lower SW garden.


LOCATION:
Situated some 200m W of mansion and to N of disused service drive.


LOCATION:
Situated on S side of entrance drive to Trawsgoed some 150m N of Pont Trawsgoed.


NAME:
Gatepiers and low walls to main entrance to Trawsgoed House

LISTED_AS:
Main drive entrance and flanking walls at Trawscoed House

LOCATION:
Situated just N of entrance lodge on drive some 150m N of Pont Trawsgoed.


LISTED_AS:
Capel Bethel including vestry and chapel house to left

LOCATION:
Situated some 200m E of the minor road through the centre of Trefenter.


LOCATION:
Situated on the E side of a metalled track to the SE of the village centre.


LOCATION:
Situated on a public footpath, some 200m N of the minor road running E from Llangwyryfon-Trefenter road to A485.


LOCATION:
Situated some 350m due E of Capel Bethel, reached via new track down from Pentre Mynydd and Ty Uchaf.


LOCATION:
Situated at end of 150m track, N of minor road which runs E from Llangwyryfon-Trefenter road at Maesbeidiog to A485.


LOCATION:
Situated some 150m NE of Capel Bethel in Trefenter.


NAME:
Tanllain and attached outbuilding and forge

LOCATION:
Situated on the E side of a minor road, some 3km ENE of Llangwyryfon.


LOCATION:
Situated on the NE side of the road from Llangwyryfon to Trefenter, some 300m SE of the village.


LOCATION:
Situated attached to vestry of Trefenter chapel, some 200m E of junction with road S from Llangwyryfon.


NAME:
Barn and attached outbuildings at Coedllys

LOCATION:
Situated some 1.3km S of Llanilar on SW and SE sides of farmyard at Coedllys.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible at distance but would only cause a Very Low, indirect, visual impact. It would have no impact on the farmyard setting of this cowhouse.

PublicAccess:
A footpath runs through the farmyard area

Setting:
The farmstead is located in an elevated postion to the south of the Ystwyth valley and sits in a sheltered hollow, with higher ground immediately to the west and north. It has a generally eastern aspect, with the house facing the southeast. The 19th century farmyard layout was of farm buildings arranged around three sides of a courtyard, with an L-shaped building forming the southwest and south side of this group. This  19th century outbuilding still stands today, although it has now been incorporated into a series of modern agricultural sheds associated with the modern farmstead.


LOCATION:
Situated some 600m E of the village on S side of B4675 to Trawscoed.


LOCATION:
Situated down farm-track some 1.3km S of Llanilar up lane running S from Llanilar Bridge.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible at distance but would only cause a Very Low, indirect, visual impact. It would have no impact on the farmyard setting of the farmhouse.

Setting:
The farmstead is located in an elevated postion to the south of the Ystwyth valley and sits in a sheltered hollow, with higher ground immediately to the west and north. It has a generally eastern aspect, with the house facing the southeast. The 19th century farmyard layout was of farm buildings arranged around three sides of a courtyard, with a long building to the northeast of this group, probably the house and attached byres. By the early 20th century a new house had been built to the north of the courtyard group and the original house seems to have been abandoned. This late 19th century farmhouse still stands today, as do the courtyard farm buildings, although they are now partly incorporated into a series of modern agricultural sheds associated with the modern farmstead. The original house and its atttached byres were demolished during the 20th century.


LOCATION:
Situated opposite barn range in farmyard at Coedllys, some 1.3km S of Llanilar.

ImpactComment:
The turbine would be visible at distance but would only cause a Very Low, indirect, visual impact. It would have no impact on the farmyard setting of the cowhouse.

Setting:
The farmstead is located in an elevated postion to the south of the Ystwyth valley and sits in a sheltered hollow, with higher ground immediately to the west and north. It has a generally eastern aspect, with the house facing the southeast. The 19th century farmyard layout was of farm buildings arranged around three sides of a courtyard. This cowhouse forms the northeastern side of this group.  This 19th century cowhouse still stands today, as do the rest of the courtyard farm buildings, although the latter are now partly incorporated into a series of modern agricultural sheds associated with the modern farmstead.


NAME:
Gates, piers and railings to Plas Llidiardau

LOCATION:
Situated at the entrance to drive to Llidiardau about 1.2km E of Llanilar.


LOCATION:
Situated on S side of the Ystwyth valley some 1.5km ESE of Llanilar.


LOCATION:
Situated some 900m E of village on N side of B4675 to Trawscoed.


LOCATION:
Situated set back on SW side of A485 in cluster of houses some 400m S of drive to Llwynhywel Farm.


LOCATION:
Situated some 300m up a track to the S of a minor road to the W of Bronnant.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees to the north-northeast would block any view towards the proposed turbine, which would have no impact on this building.

Setting:
This farmstead sits within its post-medieval field system, with a number of small coniferous plantations now growing in the fields which surround the farmyard. The farmhouse stands within a small group of buildings around the farmyard, sheltered by mature trees.


LOCATION:
Situated at the end of a 200m track to the E of the A485, some 400m SE of the PO in Bronnant.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees to the north-northwest would block any view towards the proposed turbine, which would have no impact on this building.

Distance:
3.8km to the south-southeast of the turbine

Setting:
This farmstead sits within its post-medieval field system, with many of the boundary banks now characterised by mature trees. The farmhouse stands within a small group of buildings around the farmyard.


LOCATION:
Situated at the end of a 1km track to the S of the minor road leading from Bontnewydd to Bronnant.


LOCATION:
Situated N of Mynydd Brith at the end of a 1km track to the S of the minor road leading from Bontnewydd to Bronnant.


LOCATION:
Situated on the E side of the A485, some 100m S of the PO in Bronnant.

ImpactComment:
An adjacent house to the north-northeast would block any view towards the proposed turbine, which would have no impact on this building.

Distance:
3.65km to the south-southeast of the turbine

Setting:
This 19th century cottage stands alongside the main road which runs through Bronnant village. The house is now derelict.


LOCATION:
Situated on W side of main road at Abermagwr.


NAME:
Abermagwr, former shop, and walls with railings

LOCATION:
Situated on W side of main road at Abermagwr, some 120m N of sawmill.


LOCATION:
Situated on W side of Afon Ystwyth, on B4575,  some 200m NW of Pont Trawsgoed.


LOCATION:
Situated in large churchyard at Y-fork at SW edge of village.

ImpactComment:
The top of the proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location but would only cause a minimal visual impact. The turbine would not affect views of the church or impact on its churchyard setting.

PublicAccess:
Place of worship, visible from road and churchyard

Distance:
3.8km to the east-northeast of the turbine

Setting:
This parish church was built in the mid-19th century, on the site of an earlier church. It still stands in the parish churchyard and continues to be used as a place of worship.


NAME:
Garden seat at foot of avenue to SW of back lawn at Trawsgoed House

LOCATION:
Situated at end of axis from centre of garden front through fountain and formal steps to SW of the mansion at Trawsgoed.


NAME:
Gatepiers and gates to forecourt at Trawsgoed House

LOCATION:
Situated opposite NE entrance front, in line with front door.


LOCATION:
Situated some 100m W of Pont Llanafan on N side of B4340 by drive to Llwynprenteg.


LOCATION:
Situated some 250m NE of Llanafan church on N side of lane, approached by footbridge over Nant Pantyrhaidd.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees and shrubs to the southwest would block any view towards the proposed turbine, which would have no impact on this building.

Distance:
4km to the east-northeast of the turbine

Setting:
This small, former cottage stands alongside the road which runs through Llanafan village. It stands at the foot of a steep bank, in a mature garden which has many large shrubs and trees, with a coniferous plantation upslope to the north.


LOCATION:
Situated on W side of Afon Ystwyth some 1.5 km S of Pont Trawsgoed, and 400m E of Dolfor farm, on track leading to ford over Ystwyth.


LOCATION:
Situated about 1.2 km SE of Trawsgoed on bank above E side of main road.


LOCATION:
Situated at upper NE end of village just E of junction with lane to Devil's Bridge.

ImpactComment:
Mature trees  to the southwest would block any view towards the proposed turbine, which would have no impact on this building.

Setting:
This small cottage stands alongside a minor rural road in Llanafan village. It stands at the foot of a steep bank, in a garden plot, with a coniferous plantation upslope to the northeast.


LOCATION:
Situated on W side of main road at Abermagwr, just N of sawmill.


LOCATION:
Situated to S of mansion some 400m SE of Pont Trawsgoed.


LOCATION:
Situated in school yard of village school, at right angles to school, some 200m W of church.

ImpactComment:
The top of the proposed turbine is likely to be visible from this location but would only cause a minimal visual impact. The turbine would not affect views of the building or impact on its schoolyard setting.

Distance:
3.6km to the east-northeast of the turbine

Setting:
This mid-19th century school house was built on the schoolyard of the Earl of Lisburne's School in Llanafan. The house still stands next door to the school.


LOCATION:
Situated some 200m N of Tynygraig, down track running SE from B4340.


LOCATION:
Situated on E side of lane to Swyddfynnon, some 1.2 km S of Ty'nygraig.


LOCATION:
Situated at the end of 400m track, approximately 1km NW of Swyddfynnon.


LOCATION:
Situated on E side of B4340 in hamlet of Tynygraig.


LOCATION:
Situated on left of entrance to Bryn Hyfryd, backing onto road.


LOCATION:
Situated some 1.4 km NE of Tynygraig, some 700m along a forestry/farm track from end of lane.

ImpactComment:
The top of the proposed turbine may be visible from this location but would only cause a minimal visual impact. The turbine would not affect views of the house or impact on its setting.

PublicAccess:
A footpath passes through the yard of the property

Setting:
This small farmstead was established at the head of the Nant Byr valley, with the farmyard area overlooking the valley to the west-northwest. It stands within its post-medieval field system. Coniferous plantations existed to the northwest by the late 19th century and more have been added to the southeast during the 20th century.


LOCATION:
Situated to the rear of the farmhouse at Gwenhafdre Isaf, some 900m to NW of Swyddfynnon.


LOCATION:
Situated some 400m N of Tynygraig, down steep 50m track W of B4340.


LOCATION:
Situated some 1.2 km NW of Gwnnws church, at the end of a 400m farm track.


LOCATION:
Situated on main road about 2.5 km SE of Trawsgoed.


LOCATION:
Situated on hillside about 500m SE of the village.


