A small circular lime kiln is depicted and noted as ‘Old’ on the 1st Edition 25-inch Ordnance Survey map (published 1889) next to a road inland from Cwmtydu Cove and 180 metres to the south of a second lime kiln (NPRN 402848) situated close to the high water mark. The kiln is not shown on the 1843 Tithe Map for the parish of Llandissiliogogo.

A site visit to the location by RCAHMW in June 2024 found no trace of the kiln, a new range of buildings Ty Cwch are situated on or near its location.

Contextual Information

Lime kilns are a characteristic feature along the coastlines of west Wales. They are predominantly of 19th century date, although some were built prior to that, and some continued in use into the 20th century. They were used for burning limestone to make lime for use in agriculture and building. The former through spreading on the fields as a fertiliser and to counteract soil acidity, and the latter to make lime mortar. Their coastal position related to the need in many places to import the limestone for burning, and the culm (coal) that was used for fuel. Proximity to the shoreline reduced the need to move the limestone and coal very far after unloading.

Coastal lime kilns are generally round or square in shape and normally slightly wider than they are tall. They have a conical opening in their top, called a crucible, into which the limestone and culm was layered. Openings on either side, called the kiln eyes, connected to the base of the crucible and served for lighting the kiln and to allow air to be drawn into the crucible. After burning, the lime could be raked out via the kiln eyes. The kiln eyes come in many different shapes and sizes, from arched, to flat-topped, to tall and narrow.

Lime kilns were often constructed in pairs, with a small rectangular cottage for the kiln keepers in between them. At smaller landing places only a single kiln might have been built. In nearly all cases some sort of ramp was needed to carry the limestone and coal to a point where it could be added into the crucible from above. Many lime kilns are found built against the valley sides within coves or harbours, allowing the access ramp to be cut from the adjacent bank side, rather than needing to be built.

Louise Barker, RCAHMW, 27 June 2024

Sources

Heneb: Dyfed HER Record: PRN 55001 https://archwilio.org.uk/arch/query/page.php?watprn=DAT25507&dbname=dat&tbname=core

National Library Wales: 1843 Tithe map and apportionment for the parish of Llandissiliogogo https://places.library.wales/home

OS 1st Edition 25-inch map (published 1889): XXII sheet 12.

OS 2nd Edition 25-inch map (published 1905): XXII sheet 12.

Site Record

Lime Kiln 2, Cwmtydu