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Clyne Wood, near Swansea

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NPRN91899
Map ReferenceSS69SW
Grid ReferenceSS6110091500
Unitary (Local) AuthoritySwansea
Old CountyGlamorgan
CommunityMumbles
Type Of SiteMANAGED WOODLAND
PeriodPost Medieval
Description
An area of semi-natural ancient woodland now surviving to only half of its (enclosed) 18th century extent but with a longer history as a manorial wood/hunting preserve in the demesne manor of Oystermouth. Most of the tree growth belongs to the 20th century. In addition to its well-known industrial remains, the wood contains the vestiges of a field system, two pillow mounds and a building platform. Much of the wood, though, is inaccessible due to dense undergrowth.

D.K.Leighton, RCAHMW, 1997

Recent clearance of undergrowth (2006-7) has made the wood more open and accessible, though some damage has been done to archaeological sites, particularly bell pits lining the upper side of the lower track.

D.K.Leighton, RCAHMW, July 2007

Further details from published report on the history of Clyne Wood:
Woodland at Clyne has a long history. It was part of a hunting preserve of the lords of Gower, the Forest of Clyne, in the 14th century, and was enclosed in the 18th century under the ownership of the dukes of Beaufort. Clyne Farm was created during this episode, Clyne Wood then becoming its largest parcel and acquiring its modern place-name; smaller enclosed parcels of wood remain elsewhere on the farm.
Clyne was important for its timber during the medieval period when woodland, then apparently unenclosed, was probably more extensive than it is now. There is, however, little surviving evidence for how the wood was actually managed during the middle ages. There is documentary evidence that enclosure of the wood for a deer-park (in 1306) was intended though probably not carried out.
During the 18th century wood management intensified, and this was the primary objective of enclosure. At the same time industrial activity, in particular coal mining (which already had a long history at Clyne), was extended, mining operations providing a ready market for local wood products in the form of pit timbers. Generally speaking it appears that Clyne Wood was essentially a timber wood, while the wood enclosures now on Clyne Farm were devoted to underwood production, though it is unlikely that this division was always so clear cut. There is documentary evidence for tan-bark production and the burning of wood for charcoal.
At the end of the 18th century, Clyne Wood was leased separately from Clyne Farm, but Clyne Wood and the woodland parcels on Clyne Farm remained under demesne control. In the 1860s both wood and farm were sold to W.Graham Vivian of Woodlands (Clyne) Castle. Clyne was now developed as a hunting estate and deer were introduced. Exotic plants, such as species of rhododendron, were planted. Wood management remained economically important and Clyne Wood was 'seeded' with conifers. Plantations were established on Clyne Farm. The estate was broken up in the early 1950s following the death of Admiral Walker-Heneage-Vivian. Clyne Wood was sold to timber merchants who, in the face of tree preservation orders, were able only to fell selectively. Since then, up until its purchase by Swansea council in the early 1980s (having been bought and sold several times), Clyne Wood was unmanaged. Lack of development pressure has led to some considerable preservation of archaeological remains, more of which are likely to emerge from densely overgrown parts of both wood and farm.

Within Clyne Wood there have been recorded pillow mounds (NPRN 54514), a field system (54516) and a building platform (56515).
Industrial remains recorded for the Swansea Industry Project have also been noted.

D.K.Leighton 'The land-use history of Clyne Wood and the evolution of the Clyne landscape', Studia Celtica vol.31 (1997), 135-59